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CD44 isoforms have been implicated in tumor progression and metastasis formation. This study presents a thorough immunohistochemical analysis of CD44 standard and isoform expression in normal human skin appendages and epidermis applying monoclonal antibodies against CD44s, CD44v3, -v4, -v5, -v6, and -v9. An improved immunohistochemical protocol with microwave-based antigen retrieval in paraffin sections and heavy metal amplification of the diaminobenzidine reaction product provided enhanced resolution and sensitivity as compared to studies on frozen sections. The hair follicle, the seborrheic and eccrine sweat glands were strongly positive for all CD44 isoforms studied. In the latter, the clear cells but not the dark (intercalated) cells were positive. the sudoriferous ducts adjacent to the glands were weakly positive for all CD44 isoforms and strongly positive near the skin surface. In the apocrine glands, the basal cells showed only a moderate positivity. The myoepithelial cells expressed only CD44s. In the epidermis, all CD44 isoforms were detectable, with strongest CD44 immunostaining in the lower third of the stratum spinosum and weaker staining in the stratum basale and the upper two-thirds of the stratum granulosum. The stratum granulosum and corneum were unreactive. Thus, a regional and cell type-specific CD44 expression was revealed.
W K Seelentag, and
U Günthert, and
P Saremaslani, and
E Futo, and
M Pfaltz, and
P U Heitz, and
J Roth
November 1997,
Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai zasshi,
W K Seelentag, and
U Günthert, and
P Saremaslani, and
E Futo, and
M Pfaltz, and
P U Heitz, and
J Roth
January 2003,
Journal of cutaneous pathology,
W K Seelentag, and
U Günthert, and
P Saremaslani, and
E Futo, and
M Pfaltz, and
P U Heitz, and
J Roth
February 1995,
The Journal of dermatology,
W K Seelentag, and
U Günthert, and
P Saremaslani, and
E Futo, and
M Pfaltz, and
P U Heitz, and
J Roth
October 1998,
Clinical immunology and immunopathology,
W K Seelentag, and
U Günthert, and
P Saremaslani, and
E Futo, and
M Pfaltz, and
P U Heitz, and
J Roth
September 1998,
Zhonghua jie he he hu xi za zhi = Zhonghua jiehe he huxi zazhi = Chinese journal of tuberculosis and respiratory diseases,
W K Seelentag, and
U Günthert, and
P Saremaslani, and
E Futo, and
M Pfaltz, and
P U Heitz, and
J Roth
March 1998,
Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann,
W K Seelentag, and
U Günthert, and
P Saremaslani, and
E Futo, and
M Pfaltz, and
P U Heitz, and
J Roth
June 1993,
Journal of cutaneous pathology,
W K Seelentag, and
U Günthert, and
P Saremaslani, and
E Futo, and
M Pfaltz, and
P U Heitz, and
J Roth
May 1997,
Clinical and experimental dermatology,
W K Seelentag, and
U Günthert, and
P Saremaslani, and
E Futo, and
M Pfaltz, and
P U Heitz, and
J Roth
December 2005,
The Journal of investigative dermatology,
W K Seelentag, and
U Günthert, and
P Saremaslani, and
E Futo, and
M Pfaltz, and
P U Heitz, and
J Roth
January 1997,
Gynecologic oncology,
