-transparent.png){kind=logo}
The best studied of the endothelial cell specific growth factors, VEGF, is present in alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells, in vascular smooth muscle cells, and in macrophages. The gene encoding VEGF is abundantly present in lung tissue and is induced by short-term and long-term hypoxia, as well as by prostacyclin, prostaglandin E2, and cyclic AMP. In the case of prostaglandin-stimulated gene upregulation protein kinase A (PKA) is involved. Suramin, an inhibitor of growth factor receptor binding inhibits the development of chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in rats. Further evidence is necessary to link VEGF with pulmonary hypertensive vascular remodeling. This requires the development of antibodies directed against VEGF or against VEGF receptors and gene transfection or antisense strategies.
N F Voelkel, and
M Hoeper, and
J Maloney, and
R M Tuder
April 2005,
Zhonghua nei ke za zhi,
N F Voelkel, and
M Hoeper, and
J Maloney, and
R M Tuder
March 2015,
Pulmonary circulation,
N F Voelkel, and
M Hoeper, and
J Maloney, and
R M Tuder
April 2017,
The American journal of pathology,
N F Voelkel, and
M Hoeper, and
J Maloney, and
R M Tuder
June 2014,
Pulmonary circulation,
N F Voelkel, and
M Hoeper, and
J Maloney, and
R M Tuder
January 2019,
Jornal de pediatria,
N F Voelkel, and
M Hoeper, and
J Maloney, and
R M Tuder
October 2014,
American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology,
N F Voelkel, and
M Hoeper, and
J Maloney, and
R M Tuder
April 2019,
Cardiovascular research,
N F Voelkel, and
M Hoeper, and
J Maloney, and
R M Tuder
November 2021,
European journal of pharmacology,
N F Voelkel, and
M Hoeper, and
J Maloney, and
R M Tuder
February 2015,
American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology,
N F Voelkel, and
M Hoeper, and
J Maloney, and
R M Tuder
October 2000,
American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine,
