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External radiation and thyroid neoplasia. 1996

D Sarne, and A B Schneider
Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, USA.

Radiation remains the only factor that has been shown unequivocally to cause (nonmedullary) thyroid cancer. Recent advances include the analysis of the dose-response relationship using data pooled from multiple studies. This analysis confirms that radiation-induced thyroid cancers continue to occur, with a maximum risk at approximately 30 years after exposure. Physicians asked to evaluate patients with a history of radiation exposure should attempt to estimate the dose from the history and should be familiar with the other risk factors. For some individuals, screening should include thyroid imaging, but the results of such imaging, especially with thyroid ultrasound, should be interpreted with caution. The treatment of radiation-induced thyroid cancers is based on the observation that they appear to be no more aggressive than thyroid cancers not associated with radiation. In the future, more information should emerge about the role of cancer genes and susceptibility factors in radiation-induced thyroid cancer.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009688 Nuclear Reactors Devices containing fissionable material in sufficient quantity and so arranged as to be capable of maintaining a controlled, self-sustaining NUCLEAR FISSION chain reaction. They are also known as atomic piles, atomic reactors, fission reactors, and nuclear piles, although such names are deprecated. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) Nuclear Reactor,Reactor, Nuclear,Reactors, Nuclear
D009857 Oncogenes Genes whose gain-of-function alterations lead to NEOPLASTIC CELL TRANSFORMATION. They include, for example, genes for activators or stimulators of CELL PROLIFERATION such as growth factors, growth factor receptors, protein kinases, signal transducers, nuclear phosphoproteins, and transcription factors. A prefix of "v-" before oncogene symbols indicates oncogenes captured and transmitted by RETROVIRUSES; the prefix "c-" before the gene symbol of an oncogene indicates it is the cellular homolog (PROTO-ONCOGENES) of a v-oncogene. Transforming Genes,Oncogene,Transforming Gene,Gene, Transforming,Genes, Transforming
D011836 Radiation Tolerance The ability of some cells or tissues to survive lethal doses of IONIZING RADIATION. Tolerance depends on the species, cell type, and physical and chemical variables, including RADIATION-PROTECTIVE AGENTS and RADIATION-SENSITIZING AGENTS. Radiation Sensitivity,Radiosensitivity,Sensitivity, Radiation,Tolerance, Radiation,Radiation Sensitivities,Radiation Tolerances,Radiosensitivities,Sensitivities, Radiation,Tolerances, Radiation
D004307 Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation The relationship between the dose of administered radiation and the response of the organism or tissue to the radiation. Dose Response Relationship, Radiation,Dose-Response Relationships, Radiation,Radiation Dose-Response Relationship,Radiation Dose-Response Relationships,Relationship, Radiation Dose-Response,Relationships, Radiation Dose-Response
D005069 Evaluation Studies as Topic Works about studies that determine the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. Critique,Evaluation Indexes,Evaluation Methodology,Evaluation Report,Evaluation Research,Methodology, Evaluation,Pre-Post Tests,Qualitative Evaluation,Quantitative Evaluation,Theoretical Effectiveness,Use-Effectiveness,Critiques,Effectiveness, Theoretical,Evaluation Methodologies,Evaluation Reports,Evaluation, Qualitative,Evaluation, Quantitative,Evaluations, Qualitative,Evaluations, Quantitative,Indexes, Evaluation,Methodologies, Evaluation,Pre Post Tests,Pre-Post Test,Qualitative Evaluations,Quantitative Evaluations,Report, Evaluation,Reports, Evaluation,Research, Evaluation,Test, Pre-Post,Tests, Pre-Post,Use Effectiveness
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D013964 Thyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND. Cancer of Thyroid,Thyroid Cancer,Cancer of the Thyroid,Neoplasms, Thyroid,Thyroid Adenoma,Thyroid Carcinoma,Adenoma, Thyroid,Adenomas, Thyroid,Cancer, Thyroid,Cancers, Thyroid,Carcinoma, Thyroid,Carcinomas, Thyroid,Neoplasm, Thyroid,Thyroid Adenomas,Thyroid Cancers,Thyroid Carcinomas,Thyroid Neoplasm
D014455 Ukraine Country in Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Poland, Romania, and Moldova in the west and Russia in the east. The capital is Kyiv.
D018788 Radioactive Hazard Release Uncontrolled release of radioactive material from its containment. This either threatens to, or does, cause exposure to a radioactive hazard. Such an incident may occur accidentally or deliberately. Accidents, Nuclear,Accidents, Nuclear Reactor,Accidents, Radiation,Nuclear Accidents,Nuclear Reactor Accidents,Radiation Accidents,Accident, Radiation,Radiation Accident,Accident, Nuclear,Accident, Nuclear Reactor,Hazard Release, Radioactive,Hazard Releases, Radioactive,Nuclear Accident,Nuclear Reactor Accident,Radioactive Hazard Releases,Reactor Accident, Nuclear,Reactor Accidents, Nuclear,Release, Radioactive Hazard,Releases, Radioactive Hazard

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