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A 20-year-old man was admitted with a complaint of cough and dyspnea. Chest X-ray revealed a large anterior mediastinal tumor. On chest CT scan, the inferior vena cava was found to be enclosed, and tumor invasion to the right pulmonary artery and left atrium was observed. The serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level was increased. A diagnosis of primary mediastinal embryonal carcinoma was made by the needle biopsy. After three courses of chemotherapy, consisting of cisplatin, etoposide and bleomycin, the tumor became smaller and the serum AFP level became normal. Complete resection of the tumor was performed successfully. The resected tumor showed no evidence of active disease. The patient has been free of the disease for 3 years.
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