Biomaterial Database

[Pathogenesis of glucose intolerance in alcoholics]. 1996

H Ishii, and D Ito

Keio University, School of Medicine, Internal Medicine.

Glucose intolerance and diabetes mellitus are both prevalent not only in alcoholic liver cirrhosis, but also in chronic alcoholics without cirrhosis. Nutritional properties, pharmacological effects, and metabolic alterations produced by alcohol intake due to excessive production of reducing equivalents play significant roles in the pathogenesis of ethanol-induced glucose intolerance. Gluconeogenesis from glycogen, fatty acids, amino acids, and lactate are also impaired during ethanol metabolism. Thus, ethanol-induced hypoglycemia is closely related to depressed hepatic gluconeogenesis produced by ethanol, whereas ethanol-induced hyperglycemia or diabetes is due to hepatic and tissue insulin resistance and impairment of pancreatic endocrine system.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007333	Insulin Resistance	Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	Insulin Sensitivity,Resistance, Insulin,Sensitivity, Insulin
D008099	Liver	A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.	Livers
D005943	Gluconeogenesis	Biosynthesis of GLUCOSE from nonhexose or non-carbohydrate precursors, such as LACTATE; PYRUVATE; ALANINE; and GLYCEROL.
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000437	Alcoholism	A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)	Alcohol Abuse,Alcoholic Intoxication, Chronic,Ethanol Abuse,Alcohol Addiction,Alcohol Dependence,Alcohol Use Disorder,Abuse, Alcohol,Abuse, Ethanol,Addiction, Alcohol,Alcohol Use Disorders,Chronic Alcoholic Intoxication,Dependence, Alcohol,Intoxication, Chronic Alcoholic,Use Disorders, Alcohol
D018149	Glucose Intolerance	A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.	Impaired Glucose Tolerance,Glucose Intolerances,Glucose Tolerance, Impaired,Glucose Tolerances, Impaired,Impaired Glucose Tolerances,Intolerance, Glucose,Intolerances, Glucose,Tolerance, Impaired Glucose,Tolerances, Impaired Glucose