Biomaterial Database

Regulation of adipsin and body composition in the monosodium glutamate (MSG)-treated mouse. 1996

M E Spurlock, and K J Hahn, and J L Miner

Research Center, Purina Mills, Inc., Gray Summit, MO 63039, USA.

Changes in food intake, serum adipsin, and obesity were evaluated in the MSG-treated mouse. In Experiment 1, mice treated with MSG had 50% lower serum adipsin and over 2-fold higher percentage of body fat than the lean controls. Both feeding caffeine and restricting intake normalized serum adipsin and caused weight loss, but did not normalize the percentage of body fat. No additional effect was gained by feeding isoproterenol or ephedrine in combination with caffeine. In Experiment 2, we separated the direct effect of caffeine from the associated depression in intake using a paired feeding design, and also determined the effects of selected adrenergic agents and somatotropin (S). Somatotropin increased weight gain and reduced the percentage of body fat in healthy and obese mice, and tended to lower serum adipsin. Caffeine clearly depressed intake, caused weight loss, and increased serum adipsin, but similar results were achieved by restricting intake. None of the adrenergic drugs tested changed serum adipsin. Ephedrine depressed food intake and caused weight loss, but reduced the percentage of body fat only at the highest dietary concentration (2000 mg per kg of diet). Phenylephrine reduced weight gain without a concomitant effect on the percentage of body fat, and isoproterenol did not influence weight gain or body fat.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007545	Isoproterenol	Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.	Isoprenaline,Isopropylarterenol,4-(1-Hydroxy-2-((1-methylethyl)amino)ethyl)-1,2-benzenediol,Euspiran,Isadrin,Isadrine,Isopropyl Noradrenaline,Isopropylnoradrenaline,Isopropylnorepinephrine,Isoproterenol Hydrochloride,Isoproterenol Sulfate,Isuprel,Izadrin,Norisodrine,Novodrin,Hydrochloride, Isoproterenol,Noradrenaline, Isopropyl,Sulfate, Isoproterenol
D007774	Lactation	The processes of milk secretion by the maternal MAMMARY GLANDS after PARTURITION. The proliferation of the mammary glandular tissue, milk synthesis, and milk expulsion or let down are regulated by the interactions of several hormones including ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE; PROLACTIN; and OXYTOCIN.	Lactation, Prolonged,Milk Secretion,Lactations, Prolonged,Milk Secretions,Prolonged Lactation,Prolonged Lactations
D010656	Phenylephrine	An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.	(R)-3-Hydroxy-alpha-((methylamino)methyl)benzenemethanol,Metaoxedrin,Metasympatol,Mezaton,Neo-Synephrine,Neosynephrine,Phenylephrine Hydrochloride,Phenylephrine Tannate,Neo Synephrine,Tannate, Phenylephrine
D011416	Complement Factor D	A serum protein which is important in the ALTERNATIVE COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION PATHWAY. This enzyme cleaves the COMPLEMENT C3B-bound COMPLEMENT FACTOR B to form C3bBb which is ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY C3 CONVERTASE.	Adipsin,C3 Convertase Activator,C3PA Convertase,Factor D,Properdin Factor D,28 kDa Protein, Adipocyte,C3 Proactivator Convertase,C3PAse,Complement Protein D,D Component of Complement,GBGase,Proactivator Convertase,Activator, C3 Convertase,Complement D Component,Convertase Activator, C3,Convertase, C3 Proactivator,Convertase, C3PA,Convertase, Proactivator,Factor D, Complement,Factor D, Properdin,Protein D, Complement
D001823	Body Composition	The relative amounts of various components in the body, such as percentage of body fat.	Body Compositions,Composition, Body,Compositions, Body
D001835	Body Weight	The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	Body Weights,Weight, Body,Weights, Body
D002110	Caffeine	A methylxanthine naturally occurring in some beverages and also used as a pharmacological agent. Caffeine's most notable pharmacological effect is as a central nervous system stimulant, increasing alertness and producing agitation. It also relaxes SMOOTH MUSCLE, stimulates CARDIAC MUSCLE, stimulates DIURESIS, and appears to be useful in the treatment of some types of headache. Several cellular actions of caffeine have been observed, but it is not entirely clear how each contributes to its pharmacological profile. Among the most important are inhibition of cyclic nucleotide PHOSPHODIESTERASES, antagonism of ADENOSINE RECEPTORS, and modulation of intracellular calcium handling.	1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine,Caffedrine,Coffeinum N,Coffeinum Purrum,Dexitac,Durvitan,No Doz,Percoffedrinol N,Percutaféine,Quick-Pep,Vivarin,Quick Pep,QuickPep
D004435	Eating	The consumption of edible substances.	Dietary Intake,Feed Intake,Food Intake,Macronutrient Intake,Micronutrient Intake,Nutrient Intake,Nutritional Intake,Ingestion,Dietary Intakes,Feed Intakes,Intake, Dietary,Intake, Feed,Intake, Food,Intake, Macronutrient,Intake, Micronutrient,Intake, Nutrient,Intake, Nutritional,Macronutrient Intakes,Micronutrient Intakes,Nutrient Intakes,Nutritional Intakes
D004809	Ephedrine	A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.	Ephedrine Hydrochloride,Ephedrine Renaudin,Ephedrine Sulfate,Erythro Isomer of Ephedrine,Sal-Phedrine,Ephedrine Erythro Isomer,Hydrochloride, Ephedrine,Renaudin, Ephedrine,Sal Phedrine,SalPhedrine,Sulfate, Ephedrine
D004983	Ethanolamines	AMINO ALCOHOLS containing the ETHANOLAMINE; (-NH2CH2CHOH) group and its derivatives.	Aminoethanols