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Three thousand and fifty-two infections with opportunist mycobacteria were reported to the PHLS Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre from 1982 to 1994. The commonest reported species was Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI), followed by M. kansasii and M. malmoense. The annual totals of opportunist mycobacteria increased steadily over this period, mostly, but not exclusively, due to an increase in reports of MAI associated with HIV infection. There were also increases in reports of MAI not associated with HIV infection, and in reports of M. malmoense. The increase in reports of opportunist mycobacteria was seen throughout England and Wales, but underreporting of MAI infection in the National Health Service Thames regions appears to have increased in recent years. Continued referral of isolates of opportunist mycobacteria to one of the PHLS regional centres for mycobacteriology or the Mycobacterium Reference Unit, and reporting to CDSC, is essential for the surveillance of these infections.
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