Biomaterial Database

Protein phosphatase activity is required for prothoracicotropic hormone-stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis in the prothoracic glands of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. 1996

Q Song, and L I Gilbert

Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA.

The multiple phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 appears to be required for prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH)-stimulated protein synthesis and ecdysteroidogenesis by the prothoracic glands of Manduca sexta. The present study investigated the role of protein phosphatase in these phenomena by analyzing the effects of pretreatment of prothoracic glands with the phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid and calyculin A in both basal and PTTH-stimulated glands. Okadaic acid or calyculin A treatment enhanced ribosomal S6 phosphorylation in control glands to a level similar to that observed with PTTH-stimulated glands. This treatment also prevented S6 dephosphorylation but had no apparent synergistic effect on S6 phosphorylation in PTTH-stimulated glands. Most importantly, okadaic acid or calyculin A treatment inhibited, rather than augmented, ecdysteroidogenesis in both PTTH-stimulated and non-stimulated glands. The composite data suggest that protein phosphatase activity sensitive to okadaic acid or calyculin A is required for PTTH-stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007301	Insect Hormones	Hormones secreted by insects. They influence their growth and development. Also synthetic substances that act like insect hormones.	Insect Hormone,Hormone, Insect,Hormones, Insect
D008387	Marine Toxins	Toxic or poisonous substances elaborated by marine flora or fauna. They include also specific, characterized poisons or toxins for which there is no more specific heading, like those from poisonous FISHES.	Marine Biotoxins,Phycotoxins
D010080	Oxazoles	Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.	Oxazole,1,3-Oxazolium-5-Oxides,Munchnones,1,3 Oxazolium 5 Oxides
D010749	Phosphoprotein Phosphatases	A group of enzymes removing the SERINE- or THREONINE-bound phosphate groups from a wide range of phosphoproteins, including a number of enzymes which have been phosphorylated under the action of a kinase. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992)	Phosphoprotein Phosphatase,Phosphoprotein Phosphohydrolase,Protein Phosphatase,Protein Phosphatases,Casein Phosphatase,Ecto-Phosphoprotein Phosphatase,Nuclear Protein Phosphatase,Phosphohistone Phosphatase,Phosphoprotein Phosphatase-2C,Phosphoseryl-Protein Phosphatase,Protein Phosphatase C,Protein Phosphatase C-I,Protein Phosphatase C-II,Protein Phosphatase H-II,Protein-Serine-Threonine Phosphatase,Protein-Threonine Phosphatase,Serine-Threonine Phosphatase,Threonine Phosphatase,Ecto Phosphoprotein Phosphatase,Phosphatase C, Protein,Phosphatase C-I, Protein,Phosphatase C-II, Protein,Phosphatase H-II, Protein,Phosphatase, Casein,Phosphatase, Ecto-Phosphoprotein,Phosphatase, Nuclear Protein,Phosphatase, Phosphohistone,Phosphatase, Phosphoprotein,Phosphatase, Phosphoseryl-Protein,Phosphatase, Protein,Phosphatase, Protein-Serine-Threonine,Phosphatase, Protein-Threonine,Phosphatase, Serine-Threonine,Phosphatase, Threonine,Phosphatase-2C, Phosphoprotein,Phosphatases, Phosphoprotein,Phosphatases, Protein,Phosphohydrolase, Phosphoprotein,Phosphoprotein Phosphatase 2C,Phosphoseryl Protein Phosphatase,Protein Phosphatase C I,Protein Phosphatase C II,Protein Phosphatase H II,Protein Phosphatase, Nuclear,Protein Serine Threonine Phosphatase,Protein Threonine Phosphatase,Serine Threonine Phosphatase
D010766	Phosphorylation	The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.	Phosphorylations
D011090	Polyenes	Hydrocarbons with more than one double bond. They are a reduced form of POLYYNES.	Cumulenes
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012269	Ribosomal Proteins	Proteins found in ribosomes. They are believed to have a catalytic function in reconstituting biologically active ribosomal subunits.	Proteins, Ribosomal,Ribosomal Protein,Protein, Ribosomal
D013256	Steroids	A group of polycyclic compounds closely related biochemically to TERPENES. They include cholesterol, numerous hormones, precursors of certain vitamins, bile acids, alcohols (STEROLS), and certain natural drugs and poisons. Steroids have a common nucleus, a fused, reduced 17-carbon atom ring system, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene. Most steroids also have two methyl groups and an aliphatic side-chain attached to the nucleus. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)	Steroid,Catatoxic Steroids,Steroids, Catatoxic
D017952	Ganglia, Invertebrate	Clusters of neuronal cell bodies in invertebrates. Invertebrate ganglia may also contain neuronal processes and non-neuronal supporting cells. Many invertebrate ganglia are favorable subjects for research because they have small numbers of functional neuronal types which can be identified from one animal to another.	Invertebrate Ganglia,Ganglion, Invertebrate,Ganglions, Invertebrate,Invertebrate Ganglion,Invertebrate Ganglions