Exact and early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction is essential for the subsequent routine management of this frequent cardiovascular disease. At present, the clinical biochemistry possesses a set of more or less cardiospecific protein markers for early detection of myocardial ischemic damage. After the admission of patient to the hospital, serial estimations of rather non-specific enzyme activities (creatine kinase, its MB-izoenzyme, lactate dehydrogenase, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase) are currently used for the detection of acute myocardial infarction and for the further monitoring of the patient and managing his therapy. In the past decade, many cardiospecific biochemical markers were discovered and gradually introduced into the routine clinical practice. The most perspective markers are some molecules of contractile proteins of heart myofibrils (troponins, myosin chains) as well as "rediscovered" myoglobin. The aim of this review article is to inform about the commonly used, as well as about the new biochemical markers, to discuss some problems of diagnostic strategy in the early and exact detection of ischemic myocardial damage and to attract attention to the difficulties. However its disadvantage resides in its presence in both myocardium and skeletal muscles which arise when the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction is prematurely excluded from consideration and such patients are discharged too soon from hospital. (Fig. 1, Tab. 1, Ref. 72.)