Biomaterial Database

Post-traumatic apallic syndrome following head injury. Part 1: clinical characteristics. 1996

P Grossman, and K Hagel

Arzt fur Neurologie un Psychiatrie, Neurologische Klinik Elzach/Schwarzwald, Postfach, Germany.

Epidemiological studies made within the western countries indicate an incidence of 200-300 traumatic head injuries per 100 000 residents each year. Severe head injuries account for 5-25% of all head injuries; 10-14% of all severe head-injured patients develop into a vegetative state, in which a sleep-wake rhythm is apparent, but however in which there is no evidence of awakeness or reactivity to the environment. The most commonly used labels, in the German and international literature, for these patients are 'vegetative state', 'apallic syndrome' and 'coma vigile'. This clinical characterization is not sufficient. It is necessary to employ additional criteria to distinguish subsets of vegetative patients e.g. computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, single photon emission tomography, electroencephalography, brainstem reflexes, evoked potentials, assessment scales, age, premorbid brain disorders. Diagnostic and prognostic parameters must form the basis for various decisions relating to patients' care and intervention.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009483	Neuropsychological Tests	Tests designed to assess neurological function associated with certain behaviors. They are used in diagnosing brain dysfunction or damage and central nervous system disorders or injury.	Aphasia Tests,Cognitive Test,Cognitive Testing,Cognitive Tests,Memory for Designs Test,Neuropsychological Testing,AX-CPT,Behavioral Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome,CANTAB,Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery,Clock Test,Cognitive Function Scanner,Continuous Performance Task,Controlled Oral Word Association Test,Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System,Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment,Hooper Visual Organization Test,NEPSY,Neuropsychologic Tests,Neuropsychological Test,Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test,Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status,Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure,Symbol Digit Modalities Test,Test of Everyday Attention,Test, Neuropsychological,Tests, Neuropsychological,Tower of London Test,Neuropsychologic Test,Test, Cognitive,Testing, Cognitive,Testing, Neuropsychological,Tests, Cognitive
D011237	Predictive Value of Tests	In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.	Negative Predictive Value,Positive Predictive Value,Predictive Value Of Test,Predictive Values Of Tests,Negative Predictive Values,Positive Predictive Values,Predictive Value, Negative,Predictive Value, Positive
D011379	Prognosis	A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.	Prognostic Factor,Prognostic Factors,Factor, Prognostic,Factors, Prognostic,Prognoses
D001930	Brain Injuries	Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.	Brain Lacerations,Acute Brain Injuries,Brain Injuries, Acute,Brain Injuries, Focal,Focal Brain Injuries,Injuries, Acute Brain,Injuries, Brain,Acute Brain Injury,Brain Injury,Brain Injury, Acute,Brain Injury, Focal,Brain Laceration,Focal Brain Injury,Injuries, Focal Brain,Injury, Acute Brain,Injury, Brain,Injury, Focal Brain,Laceration, Brain,Lacerations, Brain
D003952	Diagnostic Imaging	Any visual display of structural or functional patterns of organs or tissues for diagnostic evaluation. It includes measuring physiologic and metabolic responses to physical and chemical stimuli, as well as ultramicroscopy.	Imaging, Diagnostic,Imaging, Medical,Medical Imaging
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D015599	Trauma Severity Indices	Systems for assessing, classifying, and coding injuries. These systems are used in medical records, surveillance systems, and state and national registries to aid in the collection and reporting of trauma.	Trauma Severity Index,Trauma Severity Indexes,Index, Trauma Severity,Indexes, Trauma Severity,Indices, Trauma Severity,Severity Index, Trauma,Severity Indexes, Trauma,Severity Indices, Trauma
D018458	Persistent Vegetative State	Vegetative state refers to the neurocognitive status of individuals with severe brain damage, in whom physiologic functions (sleep-wake cycles, autonomic control, and breathing) persist, but awareness (including all cognitive function and emotion) is abolished.	Minimally Conscious State,Permanent Vegetative State,Post-Traumatic Vegetative State,Vegetative State, Persistent,PVS (Persistent Vegetative State),Persistent Unawareness State,Post-Comatose Unawareness State,Post-Traumatic Unawareness State,Postcomatose Unawareness State,Posttraumatic Unawareness State,Prolonged Post-Traumatic Unawareness,Transient Vegetative State,Vegetative State,Minimally Conscious States,PVSs (Persistent Vegetative State),Permanent Vegetative States,Persistent Unawareness States,Persistent Vegetative States,Post Comatose Unawareness State,Post Traumatic Unawareness State,Post Traumatic Vegetative State,Post-Comatose Unawareness States,Post-Traumatic Unawareness States,Post-Traumatic Unawareness, Prolonged,Post-Traumatic Unawarenesses, Prolonged,Post-Traumatic Vegetative States,Postcomatose Unawareness States,Posttraumatic Unawareness States,Prolonged Post Traumatic Unawareness,Prolonged Post-Traumatic Unawarenesses,State, Minimally Conscious,State, Permanent Vegetative,State, Persistent Unawareness,State, Persistent Vegetative,State, Post-Comatose Unawareness,State, Post-Traumatic Unawareness,State, Post-Traumatic Vegetative,State, Postcomatose Unawareness,State, Posttraumatic Unawareness,State, Transient Vegetative,State, Vegetative,States, Minimally Conscious,States, Permanent Vegetative,States, Persistent Unawareness,States, Persistent Vegetative,States, Post-Comatose Unawareness,States, Post-Traumatic Unawareness,States, Post-Traumatic Vegetative,States, Postcomatose Unawareness,States, Posttraumatic Unawareness,States, Transient Vegetative,States, Vegetative,Transient Vegetative States,Unawareness State, Persistent,Unawareness State, Post-Comatose,Unawareness State, Post-Traumatic,Unawareness State, Postcomatose,Unawareness State, Posttraumatic,Unawareness States, Persistent,Unawareness States, Post-Comatose,Unawareness States, Post-Traumatic,Unawareness States, Postcomatose,Unawareness States, Posttraumatic,Unawareness, Prolonged Post-Traumatic,Unawarenesses, Prolonged Post-Traumatic,Vegetative State, Permanent,Vegetative State, Post-Traumatic,Vegetative State, Transient,Vegetative States,Vegetative States, Permanent,Vegetative States, Persistent,Vegetative States, Post-Traumatic,Vegetative States, Transient