Biomaterial Database

Non-invasive monitoring of metabolites using near infrared spectroscopy: state of the art. 1996

H M Heise

Institut für Spektrochemie und Angewandte Spektroskopie, Dortmund, Germany.

Non-invasive instrumentation for metabolite monitoring can be based on near-infrared spectroscopy. The main research emphasis is on the development of glucose assays, which could be used for patient self-monitoring. Some histological and physiological variability during in-vivo measurements with integral tissue probing is discussed. The state of non-invasive monitoring is presented and compared with other competing methodologies. Different techniques have been proposed so far, which include transmission and diffuse reflectance measurements. Other methods employ photoacoustic laser spectroscopy or the measurement of changes in radiation scattering due to variations in glucose concentration. Currently available technology requires further improvements, in particular for the normal and hypoglycemic ranges, if it is to be used for devices for self- and bedside-monitoring or during surgery. The necessary selectivity for reliable glucose concentration prediction may only be gained by multivariate data analysis exploiting information from broad spectral ranges because of overlapping spectral features from several other biocomponents in the body tissue under investigation.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D010599	Pharmacokinetics	Dynamic and kinetic mechanisms of exogenous chemical DRUG LIBERATION; ABSORPTION; BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; BIOTRANSFORMATION; elimination; and DRUG TOXICITY as a function of dosage, and rate of METABOLISM. LADMER, ADME and ADMET are abbreviations for liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and toxicology.	ADME,ADME-Tox,ADMET,Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination, and Toxicology,Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Elimination,Drug Kinetics,Kinetics, Drug,LADMER,Liberation, Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination, and Response
D004364	Pharmaceutical Preparations	Drugs intended for human or veterinary use, presented in their finished dosage form. Included here are materials used in the preparation and/or formulation of the finished dosage form.	Drug,Drugs,Pharmaceutical,Pharmaceutical Preparation,Pharmaceutical Product,Pharmaceutic Preparations,Pharmaceutical Products,Pharmaceuticals,Preparations, Pharmaceutical,Preparation, Pharmaceutical,Preparations, Pharmaceutic,Product, Pharmaceutical,Products, Pharmaceutical
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001711	Biotransformation	The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.
D019265	Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared	A noninvasive technique that uses the differential absorption properties of hemoglobin and myoglobin to evaluate tissue oxygenation and indirectly can measure regional hemodynamics and blood flow. Near-infrared light (NIR) can propagate through tissues and at particular wavelengths is differentially absorbed by oxygenated vs. deoxygenated forms of hemoglobin and myoglobin. Illumination of intact tissue with NIR allows qualitative assessment of changes in the tissue concentration of these molecules. The analysis is also used to determine body composition.	NIR Spectroscopy,Spectrometry, Near-Infrared,NIR Spectroscopies,Near-Infrared Spectrometries,Near-Infrared Spectrometry,Near-Infrared Spectroscopies,Near-Infrared Spectroscopy,Spectrometries, Near-Infrared,Spectrometry, Near Infrared,Spectroscopies, NIR,Spectroscopies, Near-Infrared,Spectroscopy, NIR,Spectroscopy, Near Infrared