Carbon monoxide within circle systems. 1996

N Harrison, and A C Knowles, and E A Welchew
Northern General Hospital NHS Trust, Sheffield.

After reports of carbon monoxide toxicity from the United States, the Medicines Control Agency issued a warning which recommended that soda lime used in circle breathing systems should not be allowed to dry out. We have measured carbon monoxide levels within a circle system in vitro (under a variety of conditions) and in vivo. Carbon monoxide was detected only when a patient was connected to the circle system. As levels in the expiratory limb of the circle system were significantly higher than those in the inspiratory limb, we conclude that the patient acts as the source of carbon monoxide.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009609 Nitrous Oxide Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream. Laughing Gas,Nitrogen Protoxide,Gas, Laughing,Oxide, Nitrous
D010087 Oxides Binary compounds of oxygen containing the anion O(2-). The anion combines with metals to form alkaline oxides and non-metals to form acidic oxides. Oxide
D002245 Carbon Dioxide A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals. Carbonic Anhydride,Anhydride, Carbonic,Dioxide, Carbon
D002248 Carbon Monoxide Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Monoxide, Carbon
D002249 Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Toxic asphyxiation due to the displacement of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin by carbon monoxide. Illuminating Gas Poisoning,Poisoning, Carbon Monoxide,Poisoning, Illuminating Gas,Carbon Monoxide Poisonings,Gas Poisoning, Illuminating,Gas Poisonings, Illuminating,Illuminating Gas Poisonings,Monoxide Poisoning, Carbon,Monoxide Poisonings, Carbon,Poisonings, Carbon Monoxide,Poisonings, Illuminating Gas
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000776 Anesthesiology A specialty concerned with the study of anesthetics and anesthesia.
D012907 Smoking Willful or deliberate act of inhaling and exhaling SMOKE from burning substances or agents held by hand. Smoking Behaviors,Smoking Habit,Behavior, Smoking,Behaviors, Smoking,Habit, Smoking,Habits, Smoking,Smoking Behavior,Smoking Habits
D012972 Sodium Hydroxide A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Caustic Soda,Hydroxide, Sodium,Soda, Caustic
D017610 Calcium Compounds Inorganic compounds that contain calcium as an integral part of the molecule. Compounds, Calcium

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