Biomaterial Database

NIDA technical review: nitrite inhalants. 1996

H W Haverkos, and D P Drotman

Office on AIDS, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20857, USA.

Nitrite inhalants are commonly abused substances in the US and Europe. "Nitrite inhalants and AIDS" was a popular topic in the early 1980s when the cause of AIDS was not known. With the discovery of HIV, concern about nitrite use wained. However, nitrite inhalant use is associated with behavioral relapse and HIV transmission among gay men, with decreased lymphocyte counts and natural killer cell activity in laboratory studies, and remains a candidate "cofactor" in the pathogenesis of AIDS-related Karposi sarcoma. Discouraging nitrite use continues to be a worthwhile public health goal. Participants recommend specific research efforts.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D009573	Nitrites	Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M	Nitrite
D004335	Drug and Narcotic Control	Control of drug and narcotic use by international agreement, or by institutional systems for handling prescribed drugs. This includes regulations concerned with the manufacturing, dispensing, approval (DRUG APPROVAL), and marketing of drugs.	Drug Regulations,Narcotic Control,Pharmaceutical Policy,Drug Control,Narcotic and Drug Control,Pharmaceutic Policy,Control, Drug,Control, Narcotic,Controls, Drug,Controls, Narcotic,Drug Controls,Drug Regulation,Narcotic Controls,Pharmaceutical Policies,Policies, Pharmaceutical,Policy, Pharmaceutical,Regulation, Drug,Regulations, Drug
D005260	Female		Females
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000163	Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome	An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.	AIDS,Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Acquired,Immunologic Deficiency Syndrome, Acquired,Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome,Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome,Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome,Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndromes,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndromes,Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome, Acquired,Immuno-Deficiency Syndromes, Acquired,Immunodeficiency Syndromes, Acquired,Syndrome, Acquired Immuno-Deficiency,Syndrome, Acquired Immunodeficiency,Syndromes, Acquired Immuno-Deficiency,Syndromes, Acquired Immunodeficiency
D000280	Administration, Inhalation	The administration of drugs by the respiratory route. It includes insufflation into the respiratory tract.	Drug Administration, Inhalation,Drug Administration, Respiratory,Drug Aerosol Therapy,Inhalation Drug Administration,Inhalation of Drugs,Respiratory Drug Administration,Aerosol Drug Therapy,Aerosol Therapy, Drug,Drug Therapy, Aerosol,Inhalation Administration,Administration, Inhalation Drug,Administration, Respiratory Drug,Therapy, Aerosol Drug,Therapy, Drug Aerosol
D012514	Sarcoma, Kaposi	A multicentric, malignant neoplastic vascular proliferation characterized by the development of bluish-red cutaneous nodules, usually on the lower extremities, most often on the toes or feet, and slowly increasing in size and number and spreading to more proximal areas. The tumors have endothelium-lined channels and vascular spaces admixed with variably sized aggregates of spindle-shaped cells, and often remain confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissue, but widespread visceral involvement may occur. Kaposi's sarcoma occurs spontaneously in Jewish and Italian males in Europe and the United States. An aggressive variant in young children is endemic in some areas of Africa. A third form occurs in about 0.04% of kidney transplant patients. There is also a high incidence in AIDS patients. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, pp2105-7) HHV-8 is the suspected cause.	Kaposi Sarcoma,Kaposi's Sarcoma,Multiple Idiopathic Pigmented Hemangiosarcoma,Kaposis Sarcoma,Sarcoma, Kaposi's
D014481	United States	A country in NORTH AMERICA between CANADA and MEXICO.
D014492	United States Public Health Service	A constituent organization of the DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES concerned with protecting and improving the health of the nation.	Public Health Service (U.S.),USPHS,Public Health Service,United States. Public Health Service