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Thrombi formation within artificial ventricles is caused by the effects of biomaterials, stagnation areas, and major turbulences. During systolic and diastolic cycles, stagnation area increase in hearts that are properly designed. Stagnation areas may also occur in properly designed artificial hearts that are not working with a maximum stroke volume. The ellipsoid heart avoids stagnation areas and major turbulences because all the inside surfaces have an adequate washout with blood. The optimum washout of these surfaces is obtained by driving the heart with a constant maximum stroke volume. The cardiac output is regulated according to Starling's law by adjusting the frequency according to the venous return.
F Unger, and
M Deutsch, and
F Eckersberger, and
U Losert, and
F Stellwag, and
H Thoma, and
E Wolner, and
K Polzer, and
J Navratil
January 1990,
ASAIO transactions,
F Unger, and
M Deutsch, and
F Eckersberger, and
U Losert, and
F Stellwag, and
H Thoma, and
E Wolner, and
K Polzer, and
J Navratil
January 1969,
Novosti meditsinskogo priborostroeniia,
F Unger, and
M Deutsch, and
F Eckersberger, and
U Losert, and
F Stellwag, and
H Thoma, and
E Wolner, and
K Polzer, and
J Navratil
January 1971,
Novosti meditsinskogo priborostroeniia,
F Unger, and
M Deutsch, and
F Eckersberger, and
U Losert, and
F Stellwag, and
H Thoma, and
E Wolner, and
K Polzer, and
J Navratil
December 1971,
Langenbecks Archiv fur Chirurgie,
F Unger, and
M Deutsch, and
F Eckersberger, and
U Losert, and
F Stellwag, and
H Thoma, and
E Wolner, and
K Polzer, and
J Navratil
October 1991,
Artificial organs,
F Unger, and
M Deutsch, and
F Eckersberger, and
U Losert, and
F Stellwag, and
H Thoma, and
E Wolner, and
K Polzer, and
J Navratil
January 1974,
Transactions - American Society for Artificial Internal Organs,
F Unger, and
M Deutsch, and
F Eckersberger, and
U Losert, and
F Stellwag, and
H Thoma, and
E Wolner, and
K Polzer, and
J Navratil
January 1980,
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F Unger, and
M Deutsch, and
F Eckersberger, and
U Losert, and
F Stellwag, and
H Thoma, and
E Wolner, and
K Polzer, and
J Navratil
December 2003,
Artificial organs,
F Unger, and
M Deutsch, and
F Eckersberger, and
U Losert, and
F Stellwag, and
H Thoma, and
E Wolner, and
K Polzer, and
J Navratil
January 1976,
Transactions - American Society for Artificial Internal Organs,
F Unger, and
M Deutsch, and
F Eckersberger, and
U Losert, and
F Stellwag, and
H Thoma, and
E Wolner, and
K Polzer, and
J Navratil
January 1969,
Transactions - American Society for Artificial Internal Organs,
