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The paper reviews the main characteristics of the cytogenetic indicators most frequently used in monitoring early biological effects in groups exposed to genotoxic agents, i.e. chromosome aberrations (CA), sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and micronuclei (MN) in lymphocytes. The results of the numerous studies on CA and/or SCE performed on hospital or industry personnel potentially exposed to antineoplastic drugs are conflicting, probably due to the different degrees of exposure in different occupational settings, to different sensitivity of the indicators or to their different persistence. However, the studies carried out on groups of subjects who have always worked in protected conditions have given negative results for all indicators.
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