Biomaterial Database

Bladder cancer: a selected review of the epidemiological literature. 1996

R Pirastu, and I Iavarone, and P Comba

Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e dell'Uomo, Università degli Studi La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.

The present contribution reviews the epidemiological literature on the risk factors for bladder cancer in humans, pointing to the new leads from the available knowledge and to suggestions on prevention and research needs. Smoking accounts for about 50% of bladder cancer cases in western countries, occupational exposures are second in importance in bladder cancer development. Exposure to aromatic amines in dyestuff manufacture, in the rubber and textile industry, occupations entailing exposure to paints and solvents, leather dust, inks, some metals, PAH, combustion products and diesel exhausts have been identified as risk factors from epidemiological studies. Other investigations have detected increased risk for bladder cancer in association with dietary factors, specifically fats and cholesterol, and with contamination of drinking water by chlorination by-products.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007221	Industry	Any enterprise centered on the processing, assembly, production, or marketing of a line of products, services, commodities, or merchandise, in a particular field often named after its principal product. Examples include the automobile, fishing, music, publishing, insurance, and textile industries.	Tertiary Sector,Industries,Sector, Tertiary,Sectors, Tertiary,Tertiary Sectors
D007558	Italy	A country in southern Europe, a peninsula extending into the central Mediterranean Sea, northeast of Tunisia. The capital is Rome.	Sardinia
D008297	Male		Males
D009656	North America	The northern continent of the Western Hemisphere, extending northward from the Colombia-Panama border and including CENTRAL AMERICA, MEXICO, Caribbean area, the UNITED STATES, CANADA and GREENLAND. The term often refers more narrowly to MEXICO, continental UNITED STATES, AND CANADA.	Northern America
D009784	Occupational Diseases	Diseases caused by factors involved in one's employment.	Diseases, Occupational,Occupational Illnesses,Disease, Occupational,Illnesse, Occupational,Illnesses, Occupational,Occupational Disease,Occupational Illnesse
D001749	Urinary Bladder Neoplasms	Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	Bladder Cancer,Bladder Neoplasms,Cancer of Bladder,Bladder Tumors,Cancer of the Bladder,Malignant Tumor of Urinary Bladder,Neoplasms, Bladder,Urinary Bladder Cancer,Bladder Cancers,Bladder Neoplasm,Bladder Tumor,Cancer, Bladder,Cancer, Urinary Bladder,Neoplasm, Bladder,Neoplasm, Urinary Bladder,Tumor, Bladder,Tumors, Bladder,Urinary Bladder Neoplasm
D002273	Carcinogens	Substances that increase the risk of NEOPLASMS in humans or animals. Both genotoxic chemicals, which affect DNA directly, and nongenotoxic chemicals, which induce neoplasms by other mechanism, are included.	Carcinogen,Oncogen,Oncogens,Tumor Initiator,Tumor Initiators,Tumor Promoter,Tumor Promoters,Initiator, Tumor,Initiators, Tumor,Promoter, Tumor,Promoters, Tumor
D002274	Carcinogens, Environmental	Carcinogenic substances that are found in the environment.	Environmental Carcinogens
D004032	Diet	Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.	Diets
D005060	Europe	The continent north of AFRICA, west of ASIA and east of the ATLANTIC OCEAN.	Northern Europe,Southern Europe,Western Europe