BIOMAT Database Logo BIOMAT Database Logo

In vitro stability of free prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) complexed to alpha 1-antichymotrypsin in blood samples. 1996

T Piironen, and K Pettersson, and M Suonpää, and U H Stenman, and J E Oesterling, and T Lövgren, and H Lilja
Department of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Finland.

OBJECTIVE To study the in vitro stability of free and complexed forms of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in blood samples in order to establish guidelines for specimen handling, in particular for the clinical utility of the analysis of percentage free PSA. METHODS Blood samples were collected and processed to generate serum, heparin plasma, and EDTA plasma. Three different two-site immunoassays were used to measure the concentrations of total PSA (PSA-T), free form of PSA (PSA-F), and PSA-alpha 1-antichymotrypsin complex (PSA-ACT) in order to determine the effect of repeated freezing and thawing, delayed separation of serum from blood cells, and stability during storage at 4 degrees C and 30 degrees C. RESULTS Five cycles of freezing and thawing introduced no statistically significant changes in the measured concentrations of PSA-T, PSA-F, or PSA-ACT. The effect of storing blood samples at room temperature for 1-6 h before separation of serum revealed a statistically significant decrease only for PSA-F after 5.5 h of storage (mean decrease 3.5%). PSA-T and PSA-ACT showed good stability in both serum and plasma samples, whereas PSA-F, after 1 week of storage at 4 degrees C, decreased on average by 28.8%, 7.8%, and 5.6%, respectively, in serum, heparin plasma, and EDTA plasma. The decreases of PSA-F at 4 degrees C were statistically significant (P < 0.05) relative to the controls (samples stored at -20 degrees C) after storage for 23 h in serum, 86 h in heparin plasma, and 71 h in EDTA plasma. When the same samples were stored at 30 degrees C for 24 h, only the mean decrease of PSA-F (4.8%) in serum was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS PSA-F in blood samples is less stable than PSA-ACT. It is not advisable to store samples on the clot, especially if time and temperature cannot be controlled. Serum samples should be stored frozen if not analyzed during the same day. After thawing, samples can be stored up to 23 h at 4 degrees C prior to analysis. The use of plasma samples improves the stability of free PSA.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D004492 Edetic Acid A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive. EDTA,Edathamil,Edetates,Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid,Tetracemate,Calcium Disodium Edetate,Calcium Disodium Versenate,Calcium Tetacine,Chelaton 3,Chromium EDTA,Copper EDTA,Coprin,Dicobalt EDTA,Disodium Calcitetracemate,Disodium EDTA,Disodium Ethylene Dinitrilotetraacetate,Distannous EDTA,Edetate Disodium Calcium,Edetic Acid, Calcium Salt,Edetic Acid, Calcium, Sodium Salt,Edetic Acid, Chromium Salt,Edetic Acid, Dipotassium Salt,Edetic Acid, Disodium Salt,Edetic Acid, Disodium Salt, Dihydrate,Edetic Acid, Disodium, Magnesium Salt,Edetic Acid, Disodium, Monopotassium Salt,Edetic Acid, Magnesium Salt,Edetic Acid, Monopotassium Salt,Edetic Acid, Monosodium Salt,Edetic Acid, Potassium Salt,Edetic Acid, Sodium Salt,Ethylene Dinitrilotetraacetate,Ethylenedinitrilotetraacetic Acid,Gallium EDTA,Magnesium Disodium EDTA,N,N'-1,2-Ethanediylbis(N-(carboxymethyl)glycine),Potassium EDTA,Stannous EDTA,Versenate,Versene,Acid, Edetic,Acid, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic,Acid, Ethylenedinitrilotetraacetic,Calcitetracemate, Disodium,Dinitrilotetraacetate, Disodium Ethylene,Dinitrilotetraacetate, Ethylene,Disodium Versenate, Calcium,EDTA, Chromium,EDTA, Copper,EDTA, Dicobalt,EDTA, Disodium,EDTA, Distannous,EDTA, Gallium,EDTA, Magnesium Disodium,EDTA, Potassium,EDTA, Stannous,Edetate, Calcium Disodium,Ethylene Dinitrilotetraacetate, Disodium,Tetacine, Calcium,Versenate, Calcium Disodium
D006493 Heparin A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges. The molecular weight ranges from six to twenty thousand. Heparin occurs in and is obtained from liver, lung, mast cells, etc., of vertebrates. Its function is unknown, but it is used to prevent blood clotting in vivo and vitro, in the form of many different salts. Heparinic Acid,alpha-Heparin,Heparin Sodium,Liquaemin,Sodium Heparin,Unfractionated Heparin,Heparin, Sodium,Heparin, Unfractionated,alpha Heparin
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000514 alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin Glycoprotein found in alpha(1)-globulin region in human serum. It inhibits chymotrypsin-like proteinases in vivo and has cytotoxic killer-cell activity in vitro. The protein also has a role as an acute-phase protein and is active in the control of immunologic and inflammatory processes, and as a tumor marker. It is a member of the serpin superfamily. Serpin A3,alpha(1)-Antichymotrypsin,alpha 1 Antichymotrypsin
D013048 Specimen Handling Procedures for collecting, preserving, and transporting of specimens sufficiently stable to provide accurate and precise results suitable for clinical interpretation. Specimen Collection,Collection, Specimen,Collections, Specimen,Handling, Specimen,Handlings, Specimen,Specimen Collections,Specimen Handlings
D013696 Temperature The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms. Temperatures
D013997 Time Factors Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations. Time Series,Factor, Time,Time Factor
D015842 Serine Proteinase Inhibitors Exogenous or endogenous compounds which inhibit SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES. Serine Endopeptidase Inhibitor,Serine Endopeptidase Inhibitors,Serine Protease Inhibitor,Serine Protease Inhibitors,Serine Proteinase Antagonist,Serine Proteinase Antagonists,Serine Proteinase Inhibitor,Serine Proteinase Inhibitors, Endogenous,Serine Proteinase Inhibitors, Exogenous,Serine Protease Inhibitors, Endogenous,Serine Protease Inhibitors, Exogenous,Antagonist, Serine Proteinase,Endopeptidase Inhibitor, Serine,Inhibitor, Serine Endopeptidase,Inhibitor, Serine Protease,Inhibitor, Serine Proteinase,Protease Inhibitor, Serine,Proteinase Antagonist, Serine,Proteinase Inhibitor, Serine
D017430 Prostate-Specific Antigen A glycoprotein that is a kallikrein-like serine proteinase and an esterase, produced by epithelial cells of both normal and malignant prostate tissue. It is an important marker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Kallikrein hK3,gamma-Seminoprotein,hK3 Kallikrein,Prostate Specific Antigen,Semenogelase,Seminin,Kallikrein, hK3,gamma Seminoprotein

Related Publications

T Piironen, and K Pettersson, and M Suonpää, and U H Stenman, and J E Oesterling, and T Lövgren, and H Lilja
Long-term stability of alpha-1-antichymotrypsin complexed form of prostate specific antigen.
November 2000, Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases,
T Piironen, and K Pettersson, and M Suonpää, and U H Stenman, and J E Oesterling, and T Lövgren, and H Lilja
Technicon Immuno 1 PSA assay measures both free and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin-complexed prostate-specific antigen on an equimolar basis.
January 1996, Journal of clinical laboratory analysis,
T Piironen, and K Pettersson, and M Suonpää, and U H Stenman, and J E Oesterling, and T Lövgren, and H Lilja
Prostate specific antigen complexed to alpha-1-antichymotrypsin in patients with intermediate prostate specific antigen levels.
March 2002, Cancer,
T Piironen, and K Pettersson, and M Suonpää, and U H Stenman, and J E Oesterling, and T Lövgren, and H Lilja
Molecular mass determination for prostate-specific antigen and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin complexed in vitro.
June 1998, Biotechnology and applied biochemistry,
T Piironen, and K Pettersson, and M Suonpää, and U H Stenman, and J E Oesterling, and T Lövgren, and H Lilja
Purification and characterization of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) complexed to alpha 1-antichymotrypsin: potential reference material for international standardization of PSA immunoassays.
September 1995, Clinical chemistry,
T Piironen, and K Pettersson, and M Suonpää, and U H Stenman, and J E Oesterling, and T Lövgren, and H Lilja
[Clinical utility of the free prostate specific antigen (PSA), alpha 1-antichymotrypsin-complexed PSA, and free/total PSA ratio using the specific and sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay "E-plate EIKEN PSA"].
October 1998, Hinyokika kiyo. Acta urologica Japonica,
T Piironen, and K Pettersson, and M Suonpää, and U H Stenman, and J E Oesterling, and T Lövgren, and H Lilja
Prostate-specific antigen complexed to alpha(1)-antichymotrypsin in the early detection of prostate cancer.
July 2000, European urology,
T Piironen, and K Pettersson, and M Suonpää, and U H Stenman, and J E Oesterling, and T Lövgren, and H Lilja
Comparison of the clinical validity of free prostate-specific antigen, alpha-1 antichymotrypsin-bound prostate-specific antigen and complexed prostate-specific antigen in prostate cancer diagnosis.
January 2001, European urology,
T Piironen, and K Pettersson, and M Suonpää, and U H Stenman, and J E Oesterling, and T Lövgren, and H Lilja
Serum prostate specific antigen complexed to alpha 1-antichymotrypsin as an indicator of prostate cancer.
July 1993, The Journal of urology,
T Piironen, and K Pettersson, and M Suonpää, and U H Stenman, and J E Oesterling, and T Lövgren, and H Lilja
Monoclonal antibodies 2F5 and 4G10 against prostate specific antigen (PSA) complexed to alpha1-antichymotrypsin.
September 1998, The Journal of urology,
Copied contents to your clipboard!