Biomaterial Database

[Xanthine oxidase (xanthine dehydrogenase)]. 1996

S Sumi, and Y Wada

Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya City University Medical School.

Xanthine oxidase (xanthine dehydrogenase) is composed of two identical subunits of approximately 150,000 daltons. Each subunit contains four oxdation-reduction active cofactors/monomers. In vivo, the enzyme exists mostly as the dehydrogenase type (the NAD-dependent type). The cDNA has been cloned from human liver, and the amino acid sequence has been determined. As xanthine oxidase seems to produce superoxide in postischemic reperfusion, the relation between the superoxide and postischemic tissue injury has been discussed. It has also been reported that inhibition of xanthine oxidase by allopurinol may cause severe 6-mercaptopurine toxicity.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D011487	Protein Conformation	The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).	Conformation, Protein,Conformations, Protein,Protein Conformations
D004247	DNA	A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).	DNA, Double-Stranded,Deoxyribonucleic Acid,ds-DNA,DNA, Double Stranded,Double-Stranded DNA,ds DNA
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D013481	Superoxides	Highly reactive compounds produced when oxygen is reduced by a single electron. In biological systems, they may be generated during the normal catalytic function of a number of enzymes and during the oxidation of hemoglobin to METHEMOGLOBIN. In living organisms, SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE protects the cell from the deleterious effects of superoxides.	Superoxide Radical,Superoxide,Superoxide Anion
D014527	Uric Acid	An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.	2,6,8-Trihydroxypurine,Ammonium Acid Urate,Monosodium Urate,Monosodium Urate Monohydrate,Potassium Urate,Sodium Acid Urate,Sodium Acid Urate Monohydrate,Sodium Urate,Sodium Urate Monohydrate,Trioxopurine,Urate,Acid Urate, Ammonium,Acid Urate, Sodium,Acid, Uric,Monohydrate, Monosodium Urate,Monohydrate, Sodium Urate,Urate Monohydrate, Monosodium,Urate Monohydrate, Sodium,Urate, Ammonium Acid,Urate, Monosodium,Urate, Potassium,Urate, Sodium,Urate, Sodium Acid
D014968	Xanthine Dehydrogenase	An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of XANTHINE in the presence of NAD+ to form URIC ACID and NADH. It acts also on a variety of other purines and aldehydes.	Purine Hydroxylase I,Xanthine Oxidoreductase,Dehydrogenase, Xanthine,Oxidoreductase, Xanthine
D014969	Xanthine Oxidase	An iron-molybdenum flavoprotein containing FLAVIN-ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE that oxidizes hypoxanthine, some other purines and pterins, and aldehydes. Deficiency of the enzyme, an autosomal recessive trait, causes xanthinuria.	Hypoxanthine Oxidase,Hypoxanthine Dehydrogenase,Hypoxanthine-Xanthine Oxidase,Purine-Xanthine Oxidase,Dehydrogenase, Hypoxanthine,Hypoxanthine Xanthine Oxidase,Oxidase, Hypoxanthine,Oxidase, Hypoxanthine-Xanthine,Oxidase, Purine-Xanthine,Oxidase, Xanthine,Purine Xanthine Oxidase
D015427	Reperfusion Injury	Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury,Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion,Injury, Reperfusion,Reperfusion Damage,Damage, Reperfusion,Injury, Ischemia Reperfusion,Ischemia Reperfusion Injury,Ischemia-Reperfusion Injuries,Reperfusion Damages,Reperfusion Injuries
D019271	Hypoxanthine	A purine and a reaction intermediate in the metabolism of adenosine and in the formation of nucleic acids by the salvage pathway.