Peroxisomal beta-oxidation and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 1996

J K Hiltunen, and S A Filppula, and K T Koivuranta, and K Siivari, and Y M Qin, and H M Häyrinen
Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland.

Peroxisomes are capable of oxidizing a variety of substrates including (poly)unsaturated enoyl-CoA esters. The beta-oxidation of unsaturated enoyl-CoA esters in peroxisomes, and also in mitochondria, is not just chain-shortening but also involves the metabolizing of pre-existing carbon-to-carbon double bonds. In addition to the enzymes of the beta-oxidation spiral itself, this metabolism requires the participation of auxiliary enzymes: delta 3, delta 2-enoyl-CoA isomerase; 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase; 2-enoyl-CoA hydratase 2 or 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA epimerase; and delta 3,5 delta 2,4-dienoyl-CoA isomerase. Many of these enzymes are present as isoforms, and can be found located in multiple subcellular compartments, for example, peroxisomes, mitochondria or the endoplasmic reticulum, while some of the activities are integral parts of multifunctional enzymes of beta-oxidation systems.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007527 Isoenzymes Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics. Alloenzyme,Allozyme,Isoenzyme,Isozyme,Isozymes,Alloenzymes,Allozymes
D007535 Isomerases A class of enzymes that catalyze geometric or structural changes within a molecule to form a single product. The reactions do not involve a net change in the concentrations of compounds other than the substrate and the product.(from Dorland, 28th ed) EC 5. Isomerase
D008830 Microbodies Electron-dense cytoplasmic particles bounded by a single membrane, such as PEROXISOMES; GLYOXYSOMES; and glycosomes. Glycosomes,Glycosome,Microbody
D009097 Multienzyme Complexes Systems of enzymes which function sequentially by catalyzing consecutive reactions linked by common metabolic intermediates. They may involve simply a transfer of water molecules or hydrogen atoms and may be associated with large supramolecular structures such as MITOCHONDRIA or RIBOSOMES. Complexes, Multienzyme
D010084 Oxidation-Reduction A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471). Redox,Oxidation Reduction
D004746 Enoyl-CoA Hydratase An enzyme that catalyzes reversibly the hydration of unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA to yield beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA. It plays a role in the oxidation of fatty acids and in mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis, has broad specificity, and is most active with crotonyl-CoA. EC 4.2.1.17. 3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Hydrolyases,3-Hydroxyacyl Dehydratases,Crotonase,Enoyl Hydrase,beta-Hydroxyacyl Dehydratases,Enoyl CoA Hydratases,beta-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrases,trans-2-Enoyl-Coenzyme A Hydratase,3 Hydroxyacyl CoA Hydrolyases,3 Hydroxyacyl Dehydratases,CoA Hydratases, Enoyl,CoA Hydrolyases, 3-Hydroxyacyl,Dehydrases, beta-Hydroxyacyl-CoA,Dehydratases, 3-Hydroxyacyl,Dehydratases, beta-Hydroxyacyl,Enoyl CoA Hydratase,Hydrase, Enoyl,Hydratase, Enoyl-CoA,Hydratase, trans-2-Enoyl-Coenzyme A,Hydratases, Enoyl CoA,Hydrolyases, 3-Hydroxyacyl CoA,beta Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrases,beta Hydroxyacyl Dehydratases,trans 2 Enoyl Coenzyme A Hydratase
D005231 Fatty Acids, Unsaturated FATTY ACIDS in which the carbon chain contains one or more double or triple carbon-carbon bonds. Fatty Acids, Polyunsaturated,Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid,Unsaturated Fatty Acid,Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids,Acid, Polyunsaturated Fatty,Acid, Unsaturated Fatty,Acids, Polyunsaturated Fatty,Acids, Unsaturated Fatty,Fatty Acid, Polyunsaturated,Fatty Acid, Unsaturated,Unsaturated Fatty Acids
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D044925 Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors A subclass of enzymes which includes all dehydrogenases acting on carbon-carbon bonds. This enzyme group includes all the enzymes that introduce double bonds into substrates by direct dehydrogenation of carbon-carbon single bonds. Oxidoreductases Acting on CH CH Group Donors
D044943 Fatty Acid Desaturases A family of enzymes that catalyze the stereoselective, regioselective, or chemoselective syn-dehydrogenation reactions. They function by a mechanism that is linked directly to reduction of molecular OXYGEN. Acyl CoA Desaturase,Enoyl CoA Reductase,Fatty Acid Desaturase,Fatty Acid Desaturating Enzymes,Acyl CoA Desaturases,Enoyl CoA Reductases,Acid Desaturase, Fatty,CoA Desaturase, Acyl,CoA Reductase, Enoyl,Desaturase, Acyl CoA,Desaturase, Fatty Acid,Desaturases, Fatty Acid,Reductase, Enoyl CoA,Reductases, Enoyl CoA

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