Costimulation and autoimmunity. 1996

E A Tivol, and A N Schweitzer, and A H Sharpe
Blood Center of Southeastern Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53201-2178, USA. btivol@smtpgate.bcsew.edu

The past year has seen significant advances in our understanding of the role of the B7-CD28/CTLA-4 pathway in T cell activation and self-tolerance. Recent studies have demonstrated that CTLA-4 is a critical negative regulator of T cell activation and autoreactivity, revealing a previously unsuspected means by which costimulation is involved in the maintenance and breakdown of self-tolerance. Manipulation of this costimulatory pathway in animal models of autoimmunity has shown an important role for this pathway in both the initiation and progression of autoimmune diseases.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008213 Lymphocyte Activation Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION. Blast Transformation,Blastogenesis,Lymphoblast Transformation,Lymphocyte Stimulation,Lymphocyte Transformation,Transformation, Blast,Transformation, Lymphoblast,Transformation, Lymphocyte,Activation, Lymphocyte,Stimulation, Lymphocyte
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001327 Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides. Autoimmune Disease,Disease, Autoimmune,Diseases, Autoimmune
D015551 Autoimmunity Process whereby the immune system reacts against the body's own tissues. Autoimmunity may produce or be caused by AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES. Autoimmune Response,Autoimmune Responses,Autoimmunities

Related Publications

E A Tivol, and A N Schweitzer, and A H Sharpe
January 1995, International reviews of immunology,
E A Tivol, and A N Schweitzer, and A H Sharpe
February 2008, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology,
E A Tivol, and A N Schweitzer, and A H Sharpe
April 2005, Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition,
E A Tivol, and A N Schweitzer, and A H Sharpe
May 2009, Immunological reviews,
E A Tivol, and A N Schweitzer, and A H Sharpe
April 2007, Molecular immunology,
E A Tivol, and A N Schweitzer, and A H Sharpe
September 2016, Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950),
E A Tivol, and A N Schweitzer, and A H Sharpe
January 2021, Immunotherapy advances,
E A Tivol, and A N Schweitzer, and A H Sharpe
August 2006, The Journal of clinical investigation,
E A Tivol, and A N Schweitzer, and A H Sharpe
January 2006, The review of diabetic studies : RDS,
E A Tivol, and A N Schweitzer, and A H Sharpe
January 2001, Advances in experimental medicine and biology,
Copied contents to your clipboard!