The authors present some results of a study of 85 patients with brain strokes which were preceded by transient cerebral ischemic attacks. In most of the cases the brain stroke developed on the background of an ischemic cardiac diabetus, atheroscleorosis of the peripheral vessels, etc. It was established that in patients with atherosclerosis, the strokes developed at earlier periods after the first ischemic attack, than in the group of patients where atherosclerosis developed in combination with arterial hypertension. In disturbance of circulation in the basin of the carotid arteries, the strokes with preceding ischemic attacks developed not only more frequently, but earlier than those due to insufficiency of the circulation in the vertebro-basillar basin. It was also established that crude focal symptomatology appears as a rule in those cases when the stroke develops after the first ischemic attack. In frequent attacks which are repeated during several years, the appearing stroke is characterized by a more light focal symptomatology.