Biomaterial Database

Influence of temperature and decreased water content of inspired air on the ciliated bronchial epithelium. A physiological and electron microscopical study. 1977

G Horstmann, and J Iravani, and G Norris Melville, and H G Richter

Experiments have been carried out on the bronchi and intrapulmonary airways of rats in vitro, to determine the physiological effects of air with water content (WC) of: 2.19 mg/1 (5% RH (relative humidity) 37 degrees C), 8.77 mg/1 (20% RH, 37 degrees C), 24.13 mg/1 (50% RH, 37 degrees C) and 30.71 mg/1 (70% RH, 37 degrees C) on ciliary beat frequency; and also, the morphological effect of air at temperatures of 30, 40 and 48 degrees at a constant WC of 28.0 mg/l on the ciliated epithelium. The results showed that (i) ciliary beat frequency decreased with decreasing WC and irreversible ciliostasis was reached sooner, the lower the WC value; (ii) ciliary beat frequency was not significantly affected above 24 mg/l; (iii) 45 min and 90 min exposure at 30 degrees C caused an enormous increase in the depth of the mucus film. The cilia and the epithelial cells did not differ from the controls at 40 degrees C; (iv) in airways exposed for 45 min at 48 degrees C, the cilia appeared to be in total disarray. Some were clustered together in whirling arrangements, while others were detached from their bases. The substructure and the cytoplasm of the cells on the surface and in the deeper layers, appeared to have been destroyed; (v) after 90 min at 48 degrees C, the damage to all structures had progressed. Only isolated tissue or cytoplasmic elements were perceptible.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D012119	Respiration	The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (	Breathing
D001980	Bronchi	The larger air passages of the lungs arising from the terminal bifurcation of the TRACHEA. They include the largest two primary bronchi which branch out into secondary bronchi, and tertiary bronchi which extend into BRONCHIOLES and PULMONARY ALVEOLI.	Primary Bronchi,Primary Bronchus,Secondary Bronchi,Secondary Bronchus,Tertiary Bronchi,Tertiary Bronchus,Bronchi, Primary,Bronchi, Secondary,Bronchi, Tertiary,Bronchus,Bronchus, Primary,Bronchus, Secondary,Bronchus, Tertiary
D002462	Cell Membrane	The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.	Plasma Membrane,Cytoplasmic Membrane,Cell Membranes,Cytoplasmic Membranes,Membrane, Cell,Membrane, Cytoplasmic,Membrane, Plasma,Membranes, Cell,Membranes, Cytoplasmic,Membranes, Plasma,Plasma Membranes
D002923	Cilia	Populations of thin, motile processes found covering the surface of ciliates (CILIOPHORA) or the free surface of the cells making up ciliated EPITHELIUM. Each cilium arises from a basic granule in the superficial layer of CYTOPLASM. The movement of cilia propels ciliates through the liquid in which they live. The movement of cilia on a ciliated epithelium serves to propel a surface layer of mucus or fluid. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)	Motile Cilia,Motile Cilium,Nodal Cilia,Nodal Cilium,Primary Cilia,Primary Cilium,Cilium,Cilia, Motile,Cilia, Nodal,Cilia, Primary,Cilium, Motile,Cilium, Nodal,Cilium, Primary
D003593	Cytoplasm	The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)	Protoplasm,Cytoplasms,Protoplasms
D005260	Female		Females
D006813	Humidity	A measure of the amount of WATER VAPOR in the air.	Humidities
D000388	Air	The mixture of gases present in the earth's atmosphere consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases.
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013696	Temperature	The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.	Temperatures