Biomaterial Database

Discrete cross-linking products identified during membrane protein biosynthesis. 1997

V Laird, and S High

School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, 2.205 Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT United Kingdom.

We have investigated the molecular details of the membrane insertion of the multiple-spanning membrane protein opsin. Using heterobifunctional cross-linking reagents the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins adjacent to a series of defined translocation intermediates were determined. Once the nascent opsin chain reaches a critical minimum length Sec61alpha is the major ER component adjacent to the polypeptide. Using a homobifunctional reagent, the cross-linking partners from a single cysteine residue in the nascent chain were analyzed. This approach identified chain length-dependent cross-linking products between nascent opsin and a 21-kDa ribosomal protein, followed by Sec61beta and finally with Sec61alpha. Our data support a model where the sequential transmembrane domains of a multiple-spanning membrane protein are integrated at an ER insertion site similar to that mediating the insertion of single-spanning membrane proteins.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008565	Membrane Proteins	Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.	Cell Membrane Protein,Cell Membrane Proteins,Cell Surface Protein,Cell Surface Proteins,Integral Membrane Proteins,Membrane-Associated Protein,Surface Protein,Surface Proteins,Integral Membrane Protein,Membrane Protein,Membrane-Associated Proteins,Membrane Associated Protein,Membrane Associated Proteins,Membrane Protein, Cell,Membrane Protein, Integral,Membrane Proteins, Integral,Protein, Cell Membrane,Protein, Cell Surface,Protein, Integral Membrane,Protein, Membrane,Protein, Membrane-Associated,Protein, Surface,Proteins, Cell Membrane,Proteins, Cell Surface,Proteins, Integral Membrane,Proteins, Membrane,Proteins, Membrane-Associated,Proteins, Surface,Surface Protein, Cell
D002417	Cattle	Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.	Beef Cow,Bos grunniens,Bos indicus,Bos indicus Cattle,Bos taurus,Cow,Cow, Domestic,Dairy Cow,Holstein Cow,Indicine Cattle,Taurine Cattle,Taurus Cattle,Yak,Zebu,Beef Cows,Bos indicus Cattles,Cattle, Bos indicus,Cattle, Indicine,Cattle, Taurine,Cattle, Taurus,Cattles, Bos indicus,Cattles, Indicine,Cattles, Taurine,Cattles, Taurus,Cow, Beef,Cow, Dairy,Cow, Holstein,Cows,Dairy Cows,Domestic Cow,Domestic Cows,Indicine Cattles,Taurine Cattles,Taurus Cattles,Yaks,Zebus
D003432	Cross-Linking Reagents	Reagents with two reactive groups, usually at opposite ends of the molecule, that are capable of reacting with and thereby forming bridges between side chains of amino acids in proteins; the locations of naturally reactive areas within proteins can thereby be identified; may also be used for other macromolecules, like glycoproteins, nucleic acids, or other.	Bifunctional Reagent,Bifunctional Reagents,Cross Linking Reagent,Crosslinking Reagent,Cross Linking Reagents,Crosslinking Reagents,Linking Reagent, Cross,Linking Reagents, Cross,Reagent, Bifunctional,Reagent, Cross Linking,Reagent, Crosslinking,Reagents, Bifunctional,Reagents, Cross Linking,Reagents, Cross-Linking,Reagents, Crosslinking
D004721	Endoplasmic Reticulum	A system of cisternae in the CYTOPLASM of many cells. In places the endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the plasma membrane (CELL MEMBRANE) or outer membrane of the nuclear envelope. If the outer surfaces of the endoplasmic reticulum membranes are coated with ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum is said to be rough-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, ROUGH); otherwise it is said to be smooth-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, SMOOTH). (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)	Ergastoplasm,Reticulum, Endoplasmic
D000069816	SEC Translocation Channels	Universally conserved multiprotein complexes that form the protein transport channel of the general secretory (SEC) pathway. The SEC translocase is present in all bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. It is in the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM membrane of eukaryotic cells, in the THYLAKOID MEMBRANE in CHLOROPLASTS and in some protozoa in the INNER MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE.	SEC Translocation Channel,SEC Translocon,SEC61 Translocation Channel,Sec Protein Translocation System,SecYEG Protein,SecYEG Translocation Channel,SEC Complexes,SEC Translocase,SEC Translocons,SEC61 Protein,SEC61 Proteins,SEC61 Translocase,SEC61 Translocation Channels,SEC61 Translocon,Sec Protein Translocation Systems,Sec61 Complex,Sec61 Protein Translocation System,SecY Translocase,SecYEG Complex,SecYEG Complexes,SecYEG Protein Translocation System,SecYEG Proteins,SecYEG Translocation Channels,SecYEG Translocon,Channel, SEC Translocation,Channel, SEC61 Translocation,Channel, SecYEG Translocation,Channels, SEC Translocation,Channels, SEC61 Translocation,Channels, SecYEG Translocation,Complex, Sec61,Complex, SecYEG,Complexes, SEC,Complexes, SecYEG,Protein, SEC61,Protein, SecYEG,Proteins, SEC61,Proteins, SecYEG,Translocase, SEC,Translocase, SEC61,Translocase, SecY,Translocation Channel, SEC,Translocation Channel, SEC61,Translocation Channel, SecYEG,Translocation Channels, SEC,Translocation Channels, SEC61,Translocation Channels, SecYEG,Translocon, SEC,Translocon, SEC61,Translocon, SecYEG,Translocons, SEC
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001692	Biological Transport	The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.	Transport, Biological,Biologic Transport,Transport, Biologic
D012269	Ribosomal Proteins	Proteins found in ribosomes. They are believed to have a catalytic function in reconstituting biologically active ribosomal subunits.	Proteins, Ribosomal,Ribosomal Protein,Protein, Ribosomal
D017299	Rod Opsins	Photosensitive proteins expressed in the ROD PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS. They are the protein components of rod photoreceptor pigments such as RHODOPSIN.	Rod-Opsin,Opsins, Rod,Rod Opsin