We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and radiographic results of total hip arthroplasty with cement in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis who were less than thirty years old at the time of the index procedure. Thirty-nine patients (sixty-six hips) were managed with this procedure at our institution between 1971 and 1983. Six patients (eleven hips) died before a minimum of ten years of follow-up; the remaining thirty-three patients (fifty-five hips) were followed for at least eleven years. Twenty-eight patients (forty-six hips) had at least one original component in situ after an average duration of clinical follow-up of 15.1 years, and twenty-three of these patients (thirty-eight hips) were followed radiographically for an average of 14.7 years. At the time of the latest follow-up examination, all twenty-eight patients were able to walk outside the home; twenty of these patients (thirty-five hips; 76 per cent) had no pain with activity, and eight patients (eleven hips; 24 per cent) had mild-to-moderate pain with activity. Over-all, twelve (18 per cent) of the sixty-six femoral components and twenty-three (35 per cent) of the sixty-six acetabular components were revised after an average of 12.8 and 11.8 years, respectively. The fifteen-year survival rate for the femoral components was 85 per cent with revision or radiographic loosening as the end point. The fifteen-year survival rate for the acetabular components was 70 per cent with revision as the end point and 61 per cent with revision or radiographic loosening as the end point. The benefits of total hip arthroplasty were maintained over the long term in most of our patients who had juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. However, the durability of the components in these young patients remains a concern.