Biomaterial Database

Genetic determinants for the biosynthesis of nisin, a bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus lactis. 1996

J M Rodríguez, and H M Dodd

Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología III, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España. jmrodrig@eucmax.sim.ucm.es

In the past, the genetic determinants for nisin biosynthesis were thought to be plasmid-located. However, it has been shown that production of nisin, immunity to nisin, and other properties such as the fermentation of sucrose, are encoded on 70 kb conjugative transposons that are chromosomally located. The extrachromosomal location of the nisin genes has not been substantiated by experiments that unequivocally show plasmid transfer. Two natural variants of nisin have been identified, nisin A and nisin Z, encoded by the genes nisA and nisZ, respectively. Both genes have been cloned and sequenced and differ only in a single base pair. Approximately 12 kb downstream from the structural gene has been cloned and sequenced, and a further 10 genes involved in the biosynthesis of nisin have been identified. The nisB and nisC gene products are involved in nisin maduration, the nisT in its secretion and the nisP in its processing. The nisR and nisK gene products have a regulatory role and the nisI, nisF, nisE and nisG are involved in immunity to nisin. All these genes display significant homology to the corresponding genes of the related lantibiotics subtilin and epidermin.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008969	Molecular Sequence Data	Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.	Sequence Data, Molecular,Molecular Sequencing Data,Data, Molecular Sequence,Data, Molecular Sequencing,Sequencing Data, Molecular
D009561	Nisin	A 34-amino acid polypeptide antibiotic produced by Streptococcus lactis. It has been used as a food preservative in canned fruits and vegetables, and cheese.
D004251	DNA Transposable Elements	Discrete segments of DNA which can excise and reintegrate to another site in the genome. Most are inactive, i.e., have not been found to exist outside the integrated state. DNA transposable elements include bacterial IS (insertion sequence) elements, Tn elements, the maize controlling elements Ac and Ds, Drosophila P, gypsy, and pogo elements, the human Tigger elements and the Tc and mariner elements which are found throughout the animal kingdom.	DNA Insertion Elements,DNA Transposons,IS Elements,Insertion Sequence Elements,Tn Elements,Transposable Elements,Elements, Insertion Sequence,Sequence Elements, Insertion,DNA Insertion Element,DNA Transposable Element,DNA Transposon,Element, DNA Insertion,Element, DNA Transposable,Element, IS,Element, Insertion Sequence,Element, Tn,Element, Transposable,Elements, DNA Insertion,Elements, DNA Transposable,Elements, IS,Elements, Tn,Elements, Transposable,IS Element,Insertion Element, DNA,Insertion Elements, DNA,Insertion Sequence Element,Sequence Element, Insertion,Tn Element,Transposable Element,Transposable Element, DNA,Transposable Elements, DNA,Transposon, DNA,Transposons, DNA
D005798	Genes, Bacterial	The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.	Bacterial Gene,Bacterial Genes,Gene, Bacterial
D000595	Amino Acid Sequence	The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.	Protein Structure, Primary,Amino Acid Sequences,Sequence, Amino Acid,Sequences, Amino Acid,Primary Protein Structure,Primary Protein Structures,Protein Structures, Primary,Structure, Primary Protein,Structures, Primary Protein
D001483	Base Sequence	The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.	DNA Sequence,Nucleotide Sequence,RNA Sequence,DNA Sequences,Base Sequences,Nucleotide Sequences,RNA Sequences,Sequence, Base,Sequence, DNA,Sequence, Nucleotide,Sequence, RNA,Sequences, Base,Sequences, DNA,Sequences, Nucleotide,Sequences, RNA
D013294	Lactococcus lactis	A non-pathogenic species of LACTOCOCCUS found in DAIRY PRODUCTS and responsible for the souring of MILK and the production of LACTIC ACID.	Streptococcus lactis,Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis
D016366	Open Reading Frames	A sequence of successive nucleotide triplets that are read as CODONS specifying AMINO ACIDS and begin with an INITIATOR CODON and end with a stop codon (CODON, TERMINATOR).	ORFs,Protein Coding Region,Small Open Reading Frame,Small Open Reading Frames,sORF,Unassigned Reading Frame,Unassigned Reading Frames,Unidentified Reading Frame,Coding Region, Protein,Frame, Unidentified Reading,ORF,Open Reading Frame,Protein Coding Regions,Reading Frame, Open,Reading Frame, Unassigned,Reading Frame, Unidentified,Region, Protein Coding,Unidentified Reading Frames