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[From barber-surgeons' guild to medical association. A 400th anniversary]. 1996

H Sandvik, and J Straand
Seksjon for allmennmedisin, Institutt for samfunnsmedisinske fag, Universitetet i Bergen.

The barber-surgeons' guild in Bergen was founded on 17 January 1597. For nearly 250 years this was the only "medical association" in Norway. The guild disappeared with the death of its latest master, Christian Wilhelm Wisbech (1740-1822). However, only nine years later his son, Christian Wisbech (1801-69), founded the Medical Association in Bergen. The barber-surgeons were craftsmen who got their education by apprenticeship. They were the medical practitioners of their times. Their empirical knowledge was more in touch with real life than was the medicine taught by the professors. This paper describes the barber-surgeons' education and work, including their conflicts with other craftsmen and doctors. During the 18th century the barber-surgeons' education was improved, and eventually was given full academic status.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009664 Norway A country located in northern Europe, bordering the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, west of Sweden. The capital is Oslo. Kingdom of Norway
D010151 Paintings Works of art formed primarily by the direct application of pigments suspended in oil, water, egg yolk, molten wax, or other liquid, arranged in masses of color, onto a generally two-dimensional surface. (Getty ATT) Painting
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D012955 Societies, Medical Societies whose membership is limited to physicians. Medical Societies,Medical Society,Society, Medical
D049690 History, Ancient The period of history before 500 of the common era. Ancient History,Ancient History (Medicine),Ancient History of Medicine,History of Medicine, Ancient,Medicine, Ancient History,Ancient Histories (Medicine),Ancient History Medicine,Ancient History Medicines,Histories, Ancient (Medicine),History Medicine, Ancient,History Medicines, Ancient,History, Ancient (Medicine),Medicine Ancient History,Medicines, Ancient History
D049691 History, Medieval The period of history from the year 500 through 1450 of the common era. Medieval History,History of Medicine, Medieval,History of Medicine, Renaissance,Medicine, Medieval History,Medicine, Renaissance,Medieval History (Medicine),Renaissance Medicine,Histories, Medieval (Medicine),History Medicine, Medieval,History, Medieval (Medicine),Medieval Histories (Medicine),Medieval History Medicine
D049711 History, Modern 1601- The period of history from 1601 of the common era to the present. History, Modern,Modern History,History of Medicine, Modern,Medicine, Modern,Modern History (Medicine),Modern Medicine,1601- History, Modern,History, Modern (Medicine),History, Modern 1601,Modern 1601- History
D019024 Barber Surgeons In the late Middle Ages barbers who also let blood, sold unguents, pulled teeth, applied cups, and gave enemas. They generally had the right to practice surgery. By the 18th century barbers continued to practice minor surgery and dentistry and many famous surgeons acquired their skill in the shops of barbers. (From Castiglioni, A History of Medicine, 2d ed, pp402, 568, 658) Surgeons, Barber,Barber Surgeon,Surgeon, Barber

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