This study examined whether infective larvae (L3) of Trichostrongylus colubriformis could establish throughout the small intestine and were not restricted to the anterior duodenum in susceptible and resistant sheep. The location of worms was similar in susceptible animals given doses of T. colubriformis between 10,000 and 80,00 T. colubriformis larvae, with 90% of worms located in the proximal 3 m of the small intestine. Those worms recovered from resistant sheep were also found in the first 9 m of the intestine. However, worms recovered from immune sheep were significantly (P = 0.0074) relocated posteriorly from the first 3 m into the next 6 m of the intestine. By the surgical introduction of worms, it was found that T. colubriformis could establish at any site in the small intestine and to some extent in the caecum. Immunity was generated principally in the site of predilection in the anterior 3 m of the small intestine and effectively expelled challenges given at distal sites and caecum, indicating dissemination of immunity throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, the rejection episode had removed worms from the entire small intestine within 2 h of introduction through the pylorus.