Regional trans-scrotal antegrade venotesticulophlebography was used to study elements of renocaval anastomosis in 154 males suffering from varicocele. In 153 patients varicocele was caused by renal vein obstruction and hypertension, in 1 patient it resulted from iliac vein aneurysm obstructive for pelvic veins. In cases of renal vein obstruction on the left all the venous blood runs from the kidney along the testicular vein to the pampiniform plexus flowing further to the system of the iliac veins. Ligation or endovascular embolization of the testicular vein aggravates renal venous hypertension, but varicocele collapsed. The authors suggest discussion on methods of varicocele treatment.