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Several gastric functions are modulated by the sympathetic nervous system, but local mechanisms involved in the control of noradrenaline release are largely unknown. Overflow of endogenous noradrenaline was studied from isolated rat stomach incubated in Ussing chambers allowing the separate determination of mucosal and serosal overflow. Spontaneous noradrenaline overflow was similar at the mucosal and serosal side, but electrical field stimulation caused a frequency-dependent increase in noradrenaline overflow selectively at the serosal side. Evoked noradrenaline overflow was blocked by tetrodotoxin, not affected by indometacin and markedly enhanced (by about 250%) by yohimbine. In the presence of indometacin and yohimbine, sulprostone (an agonist at EP1/EP3 receptors) and misoprostol (an agonist at EP2/EP3 receptors) reduced the noradrenaline overflow evoked by stimulation at 3 Hz maximally by about 80% (EC50: 6 nmol/l and 11 nmol/l, respectively). The EP1 receptor selective antagonist AH 6809 (6-isopropoxy-9-oxoxanthene-2-carboxylic acid) did not antagonize the inhibition by sulprostone. Noradrenaline overflow evoked by stimulation at 1 Hz and 3 Hz was increased by scopolamine by about 50% and almost completely inhibited by oxotremorine. Neither, histamine nor the H3 receptor selective agonist (R)-alpha-methyl-histamine, nor the H1, H2 and H3 selective receptor antagonists mepyramine, cimetidine and thioperamide significantly affected noradrenaline overflow evoked by stimulation at 1 Hz or 3 Hz. In conclusion, impulse-induced noradrenaline release in the rat stomach is controlled by multiple presynaptic mechanisms involving alpha 2-adrenergic autoreceptors, EP3 prostanoid and muscarine heteroreceptors, whereas histaminergic mechanisms do not appear to be significant.
K Racké, and
L Berrino, and
A Möhlig, and
R Jäger, and
I Griepenkerl, and
M Bräutigam, and
A Reimann
November 2004,
European journal of pharmacology,
K Racké, and
L Berrino, and
A Möhlig, and
R Jäger, and
I Griepenkerl, and
M Bräutigam, and
A Reimann
August 2000,
European journal of pharmacology,
K Racké, and
L Berrino, and
A Möhlig, and
R Jäger, and
I Griepenkerl, and
M Bräutigam, and
A Reimann
February 1992,
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics,
K Racké, and
L Berrino, and
A Möhlig, and
R Jäger, and
I Griepenkerl, and
M Bräutigam, and
A Reimann
August 1986,
Regulatory peptides,
K Racké, and
L Berrino, and
A Möhlig, and
R Jäger, and
I Griepenkerl, and
M Bräutigam, and
A Reimann
December 1989,
Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology,
K Racké, and
L Berrino, and
A Möhlig, and
R Jäger, and
I Griepenkerl, and
M Bräutigam, and
A Reimann
December 1996,
Journal of the autonomic nervous system,
K Racké, and
L Berrino, and
A Möhlig, and
R Jäger, and
I Griepenkerl, and
M Bräutigam, and
A Reimann
January 1988,
Pharmacology & toxicology,
K Racké, and
L Berrino, and
A Möhlig, and
R Jäger, and
I Griepenkerl, and
M Bräutigam, and
A Reimann
March 2004,
Pharmacological research,
K Racké, and
L Berrino, and
A Möhlig, and
R Jäger, and
I Griepenkerl, and
M Bräutigam, and
A Reimann
November 1992,
The American review of respiratory disease,
K Racké, and
L Berrino, and
A Möhlig, and
R Jäger, and
I Griepenkerl, and
M Bräutigam, and
A Reimann
November 1984,
Neuroscience,
