Biomaterial Database

An evaluation of chemical restraining agents in the horse. 1977

G MacKenzie, and D H Snow

An evaluation of acepromazine (0.5 mg/kg intramuscularly), azaperone (0.7 and 0.9 mg/kg intramuscularly) and xylazine (2.0 mg/kg intramuscularly) as chemical restraining agents was carried out in seven horses. (Xylazine and azaperone were used at the recommended dose rates; acepromazine at five times the recommended dose rates). Of the three drugs administered only azaperone produced sufficient sedation in all the horses to allow a percutaneous needle muscle biopsy to be taken from six muscles. With acepromazine and xylazine this procedure could be successfully carried out in five and four horses respectively. Both acepromazine and azaperone produced a mild transient tachycardia and a fall in packed cell volume but all three drugs reduced the "stress" of muscle biopsy as measured by increases in heart rate. Azaperone produced an increase in plasma 11-OHCS levels when administered to control animals. The measurement of changes in plasma 11-OHCS levels was not found to be a satisfactory means of assessing any reduction of "stress" with some sedative agents.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007103	Immobilization	The restriction of the MOVEMENT of whole or part of the body by physical means (RESTRAINT, PHYSICAL) or chemically by ANALGESIA, or the use of TRANQUILIZING AGENTS or NEUROMUSCULAR NONDEPOLARIZING AGENTS. It includes experimental protocols used to evaluate the physiologic effects of immobility.	Hypokinesia, Experimental,Experimental Hypokinesia,Experimental Hypokinesias,Hypokinesias, Experimental
D008297	Male		Males
D005260	Female		Females
D006339	Heart Rate	The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.	Cardiac Rate,Chronotropism, Cardiac,Heart Rate Control,Heartbeat,Pulse Rate,Cardiac Chronotropy,Cardiac Chronotropism,Cardiac Rates,Chronotropy, Cardiac,Control, Heart Rate,Heart Rates,Heartbeats,Pulse Rates,Rate Control, Heart,Rate, Cardiac,Rate, Heart,Rate, Pulse
D006400	Hematocrit	The volume of packed RED BLOOD CELLS in a blood specimen. The volume is measured by centrifugation in a tube with graduated markings, or with automated blood cell counters. It is an indicator of erythrocyte status in disease. For example, ANEMIA shows a low value; POLYCYTHEMIA, a high value.	Erythrocyte Volume, Packed,Packed Red-Cell Volume,Erythrocyte Volumes, Packed,Hematocrits,Packed Erythrocyte Volume,Packed Erythrocyte Volumes,Packed Red Cell Volume,Packed Red-Cell Volumes,Red-Cell Volume, Packed,Red-Cell Volumes, Packed,Volume, Packed Erythrocyte,Volume, Packed Red-Cell,Volumes, Packed Erythrocyte,Volumes, Packed Red-Cell
D006736	Horses	Large, hoofed mammals of the family EQUIDAE. Horses are active day and night with most of the day spent seeking and consuming food. Feeding peaks occur in the early morning and late afternoon, and there are several daily periods of rest.	Equus caballus,Equus przewalskii,Horse, Domestic,Domestic Horse,Domestic Horses,Horse,Horses, Domestic
D000075	Acepromazine	A phenothiazine that is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES.	Acetazine,Acetopromazine,Acetylpromazine,Acepromazine Maleate,Calmivet,Plegicil,Vetranquil,Maleate, Acepromazine
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001376	Azaperone	A butyrophenone used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES.	R-1929,Stresnil,R1929
D001706	Biopsy	Removal and pathologic examination of specimens from the living body.	Biopsies