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Studies collectively named the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) are currently enrolling 164,500 postmenopausal women in several overlapping clinical trials and an observational study. The overall goals of WHI are to understand the determinants of postmenopausal women's health and to evaluate the efficacy of practical interventions in preventing the major causes of morbidity and mortality in older women. This article reviews the research leading to the WHI studies; describes the study designs and protocols, with an emphasis on what's new about WHI from a psychological perspective; and outlines the major psychosocial hypotheses under investigation and the major challenges WHI presents to psychological science.
K A Matthews, and
S A Shumaker, and
D J Bowen, and
R D Langer, and
J R Hunt, and
R M Kaplan, and
R C Klesges, and
C Ritenbaugh
August 2005,
Postgraduate medicine,
K A Matthews, and
S A Shumaker, and
D J Bowen, and
R D Langer, and
J R Hunt, and
R M Kaplan, and
R C Klesges, and
C Ritenbaugh
February 2022,
Science advances,
K A Matthews, and
S A Shumaker, and
D J Bowen, and
R D Langer, and
J R Hunt, and
R M Kaplan, and
R C Klesges, and
C Ritenbaugh
September 2016,
The American psychologist,
K A Matthews, and
S A Shumaker, and
D J Bowen, and
R D Langer, and
J R Hunt, and
R M Kaplan, and
R C Klesges, and
C Ritenbaugh
September 2018,
Journal of hospital medicine,
K A Matthews, and
S A Shumaker, and
D J Bowen, and
R D Langer, and
J R Hunt, and
R M Kaplan, and
R C Klesges, and
C Ritenbaugh
January 2006,
Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education,
K A Matthews, and
S A Shumaker, and
D J Bowen, and
R D Langer, and
J R Hunt, and
R M Kaplan, and
R C Klesges, and
C Ritenbaugh
April 2004,
Journal of clinical rheumatology : practical reports on rheumatic & musculoskeletal diseases,
K A Matthews, and
S A Shumaker, and
D J Bowen, and
R D Langer, and
J R Hunt, and
R M Kaplan, and
R C Klesges, and
C Ritenbaugh
April 2019,
Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges,
K A Matthews, and
S A Shumaker, and
D J Bowen, and
R D Langer, and
J R Hunt, and
R M Kaplan, and
R C Klesges, and
C Ritenbaugh
December 2012,
BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology,
K A Matthews, and
S A Shumaker, and
D J Bowen, and
R D Langer, and
J R Hunt, and
R M Kaplan, and
R C Klesges, and
C Ritenbaugh
October 2020,
BMJ (Clinical research ed.),
K A Matthews, and
S A Shumaker, and
D J Bowen, and
R D Langer, and
J R Hunt, and
R M Kaplan, and
R C Klesges, and
C Ritenbaugh
September 2023,
Journal of neurosurgery,
