A high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure has been developed for the measurement of nalbuphine in plasma. Separation is performed on a reversed-phase analytical column (Ultrasphere ODS, 250 x 4.6 mm I.D., particle size, 5 microns). Mobile phase consisted of methanol-phosphate buffer (20:80, v/v) (pH 3.4). Electrochemical detection was performed using an ESA Coulochem II Model 5200 electrochemical detector equipped with a Model 5020 guard cell working at 550 mV and a Model 5021 analytical cell operating in the oxidation screening mode, with the potential of the first electrode set at 60 mV and the second electrode set at 450 mV. The method involves sample clean-up by liquid-liquid extraction using a chloroform-isopropanol mixture. After centrifugation, the organic phase was back-extracted with 17 mM phosphoric acid and then the aqueous phase was injected onto the column. The limits of quantitation and detection were 0.3 and 0.1 ng/ml, respectively. The extraction recovery was 91.1 +/- 3.7%. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were below 10%. Stability tests under various conditions have been performed. This method has been used to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of nalbuphine in children.