Biomaterial Database

[Extraparathyroid hypercalcemias. Physiopathological and therapeutic aspects]. 1997

P Houillier, and A Blanchard, and M Paillard

Service de Physiologie, Hôpital Broussais, Paris.

An increase in plasma calcium concentration is always the consequence of at least one of the following events: an increase in the net calcium input in extracellular fluid, a decrease in glomerular filtration rate, and an increase in the tubular reabsorption of the filtered calcium. In parathyroid hormone-related hypercalcemia, that is typically stable with time, the main determinant is the rise in parathyroid hormone-induced tubular calcium reabsorption. By contrast, in parathyroid hormone-independent hypercalcemia, usually steadily progressive (the main cause being hypercalcemia of cancer), the primary event is almost always a rapid increase in the net calcium input in extracellular fluid. The attendant hypercalcemia is commonly poorly tolerated and induces a renal sodium leak and a decrease in extracellular fluid volume. The latter leads to a fall in glomerular filtration rate and a rise in tubular calcium reabsorption which, in turn, worsen hypercalcemia. Treatment includes a reexpansion of extracellular fluid volume and the inhibition of bone calcium release.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009369	Neoplasms	New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	Benign Neoplasm,Cancer,Malignant Neoplasm,Tumor,Tumors,Benign Neoplasms,Malignancy,Malignant Neoplasms,Neoplasia,Neoplasm,Neoplasms, Benign,Cancers,Malignancies,Neoplasias,Neoplasm, Benign,Neoplasm, Malignant,Neoplasms, Malignant
D002118	Calcium	A basic element found in nearly all tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.	Coagulation Factor IV,Factor IV,Blood Coagulation Factor IV,Calcium-40,Calcium 40,Factor IV, Coagulation
D005110	Extracellular Space	Interstitial space between cells, occupied by INTERSTITIAL FLUID as well as amorphous and fibrous substances. For organisms with a CELL WALL, the extracellular space includes everything outside of the CELL MEMBRANE including the PERIPLASM and the cell wall.	Intercellular Space,Extracellular Spaces,Intercellular Spaces,Space, Extracellular,Space, Intercellular,Spaces, Extracellular,Spaces, Intercellular
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D006934	Hypercalcemia	Abnormally high level of calcium in the blood.	Milk-Alkali Syndrome,Hypercalcemias,Milk Alkali Syndrome,Syndrome, Milk-Alkali