Common themes in the function of transcription and splicing enhancers. 1997

K J Hertel, and K W Lynch, and T Maniatis
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.

Regulation of both transcription and RNA splicing requires enhancer elements, that is, cis-acting DNA or RNA sequences that promote the activities of linked promoters or splice sites, respectively. Both types of enhancer associate with regulatory proteins to form multicomponent enhancer complexes that recruit the necessary enzymatic machinery to promoter or splice site recognition sequences. This recruitment occurs as a result of direct interactions between regulatory proteins in the enhancer complexes and components of the basic enzymatic machineries. Recent advances suggest that the high degree of regulatory specificity observed for both transcription and splicing is due, in large part, to the multicomponent nature of enhancer complexes and to their cooperative assembly.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009694 Nucleic Acid Precursors Use for nucleic acid precursors in general or for which there is no specific heading. Acid Precursors, Nucleic,Precursors, Nucleic Acid
D012045 Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid Nucleic acid sequences involved in regulating the expression of genes. Nucleic Acid Regulatory Sequences,Regulatory Regions, Nucleic Acid (Genetics),Region, Regulatory,Regions, Regulatory,Regulator Regions, Nucleic Acid,Regulatory Region,Regulatory Regions
D002843 Chromatin The material of CHROMOSOMES. It is a complex of DNA; HISTONES; and nonhistone proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE) found within the nucleus of a cell. Chromatins
D004742 Enhancer Elements, Genetic Cis-acting DNA sequences which can increase transcription of genes. Enhancers can usually function in either orientation and at various distances from a promoter. Enhancer Elements,Enhancer Sequences,Element, Enhancer,Element, Genetic Enhancer,Elements, Enhancer,Elements, Genetic Enhancer,Enhancer Element,Enhancer Element, Genetic,Enhancer Sequence,Genetic Enhancer Element,Genetic Enhancer Elements,Sequence, Enhancer,Sequences, Enhancer
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012319 RNA Polymerase II A DNA-dependent RNA polymerase present in bacterial, plant, and animal cells. It functions in the nucleoplasmic structure and transcribes DNA into RNA. It has different requirements for cations and salt than RNA polymerase I and is strongly inhibited by alpha-amanitin. EC 2.7.7.6. DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase II,RNA Pol II,RNA Polymerase B,DNA Dependent RNA Polymerase II
D012326 RNA Splicing The ultimate exclusion of nonsense sequences or intervening sequences (introns) before the final RNA transcript is sent to the cytoplasm. RNA, Messenger, Splicing,Splicing, RNA,RNA Splicings,Splicings, RNA
D012333 RNA, Messenger RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm. Messenger RNA,Messenger RNA, Polyadenylated,Poly(A) Tail,Poly(A)+ RNA,Poly(A)+ mRNA,RNA, Messenger, Polyadenylated,RNA, Polyadenylated,mRNA,mRNA, Non-Polyadenylated,mRNA, Polyadenylated,Non-Polyadenylated mRNA,Poly(A) RNA,Polyadenylated mRNA,Non Polyadenylated mRNA,Polyadenylated Messenger RNA,Polyadenylated RNA,RNA, Polyadenylated Messenger,mRNA, Non Polyadenylated
D014157 Transcription Factors Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process. Transcription Factor,Factor, Transcription,Factors, Transcription

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