Virtual reality publication of spiral ct-derived three-dimensional models: or, creation of spiral, CT-derived, three-dimensional VRML objects. 1997

J M Tyszka
Department of Radiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles CA 90048, USA. mike@uwmri1.csmc.edu

Three-dimensional models can be generated from slice images, such as those obtained from computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a variety of techniques. A popular method for rendering 3D anatomical models is the creation of polygonal mesh surfaces representing the boundary between tissues. Mesh surfaces can be rendered extremely quickly using conventional personal computers, without recourse to more expensive graphic workstations. The dissemination of three-dimensional (3D) models across the Internet has been made significantly easier by the definition of the Virtual Reality Markup Language (VRML) format. The VRML definition allows the parameters and relationships of 3D objects to be described in a text format. The text file can be transfered from a host computer to a remote client computer through the World Wide Web and viewed using readily available software (See Appendix). VRML is based on the definition of primitive 3D objects such as polygons and spheres. Consequently, the transition from a mesh surface derived from a clinical image data set to a VRML object is relatively simple, allowing for convenient and cost-effective dissemination of 3D clinical models across the internet.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008953 Models, Anatomic Three-dimensional representation to show anatomic structures. Models may be used in place of intact animals or organisms for teaching, practice, and study. Anatomic Models,Models, Surgical,Moulages,Models, Anatomical,Anatomic Model,Anatomical Model,Anatomical Models,Model, Anatomic,Model, Anatomical,Model, Surgical,Moulage,Surgical Model,Surgical Models
D011381 Programming Languages Specific languages used to prepare computer programs. Language, Programming,Languages, Programming,Programming Language
D001980 Bronchi The larger air passages of the lungs arising from the terminal bifurcation of the TRACHEA. They include the largest two primary bronchi which branch out into secondary bronchi, and tertiary bronchi which extend into BRONCHIOLES and PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Primary Bronchi,Primary Bronchus,Secondary Bronchi,Secondary Bronchus,Tertiary Bronchi,Tertiary Bronchus,Bronchi, Primary,Bronchi, Secondary,Bronchi, Tertiary,Bronchus,Bronchus, Primary,Bronchus, Secondary,Bronchus, Tertiary
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D014132 Trachea The cartilaginous and membranous tube descending from the larynx and branching into the right and left main bronchi. Tracheas
D014584 User-Computer Interface The portion of an interactive computer program that issues messages to and receives commands from a user. Interface, User Computer,Virtual Systems,User Computer Interface,Interface, User-Computer,Interfaces, User Computer,Interfaces, User-Computer,System, Virtual,Systems, Virtual,User Computer Interfaces,User-Computer Interfaces,Virtual System
D021621 Imaging, Three-Dimensional The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object. Computer-Assisted Three-Dimensional Imaging,Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Computer Assisted,3-D Image,3-D Imaging,Computer-Generated 3D Imaging,Three-Dimensional Image,Three-Dimensional Imaging, Computer Generated,3 D Image,3 D Imaging,3-D Images,3-D Imagings,3D Imaging, Computer-Generated,3D Imagings, Computer-Generated,Computer Assisted Three Dimensional Imaging,Computer Generated 3D Imaging,Computer-Assisted Three-Dimensional Imagings,Computer-Generated 3D Imagings,Image, 3-D,Image, Three-Dimensional,Images, 3-D,Images, Three-Dimensional,Imaging, 3-D,Imaging, Computer-Assisted Three-Dimensional,Imaging, Computer-Generated 3D,Imaging, Three Dimensional,Imagings, 3-D,Imagings, Computer-Assisted Three-Dimensional,Imagings, Computer-Generated 3D,Imagings, Three-Dimensional,Three Dimensional Image,Three Dimensional Imaging, Computer Generated,Three-Dimensional Images,Three-Dimensional Imaging,Three-Dimensional Imaging, Computer-Assisted,Three-Dimensional Imagings,Three-Dimensional Imagings, Computer-Assisted
D036542 Tomography, Spiral Computed Computed tomography where there is continuous X-ray exposure to the patient while being transported in a spiral or helical pattern through the beam of irradiation. This provides improved three-dimensional contrast and spatial resolution compared to conventional computed tomography, where data is obtained and computed from individual sequential exposures. CAT Scan, Spiral,CT Scan, Spiral,Helical CT,Helical Computed Tomography,Spiral CT,Spiral Computed Tomography,Tomography, Helical Computed,Computed Tomography, Spiral,Computer-Assisted Tomography, Spiral,Computerized Tomography, Spiral,CAT Scans, Spiral,CT Scans, Spiral,CT, Helical,CT, Spiral,CTs, Helical,CTs, Spiral,Computed Tomography, Helical,Computer Assisted Tomography, Spiral,Helical CTs,Scan, Spiral CAT,Scan, Spiral CT,Scans, Spiral CAT,Scans, Spiral CT,Spiral CAT Scan,Spiral CAT Scans,Spiral CT Scan,Spiral CT Scans,Spiral CTs,Spiral Computer-Assisted Tomography,Spiral Computerized Tomography,Tomography, Spiral Computer-Assisted,Tomography, Spiral Computerized

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