In 1993-1995, tuberculosis morbidity increased from 37.8 per 100,000 inhabitants to 55.7. The increase was due chiefly due to incidence rates among urban dwellers. In the same period, tuberculosis mortality rose from 10.2 to 55.7 per 100,000. Tuberculosis control strategy has been revised under the conditions of the increasing spread of tuberculosis infections and the Central Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences jointly with the WHO Global Programme Department has developed the programme "Detection of Patients Isolating Mycobacterium tuberculosis by the ??Tsil-Nilsen method and Their Short-Term Chemotherapy". Analyzing the preliminary data available during 2 quarters (Quarter IV, 1995, and Quarter I, 1996) indicated its adequate efficiency.