Biomaterial Database

The effects of smoking on periodontal structures: a literature review. 1997

R Bouclin, and R G Landry, and G Noreau

St-Clare Hospital, Schenectady, N.Y., USA.

Periodontal disease seems to be more prevalent in smokers than in nonsmokers. Studies have reported both increases and decreases in gingival blood flow due to smoking. Smoking does not increase the presence of the periodontopathogens Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Bacteroides intermedius. Both the chemotaxis and the phagocytic capacity of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) harvested from smokers are lower than with those harvested from nonsmokers. Furthermore, smokers have lower IgA, IgG, IgM, and suppressor CD8 lymphocytes levels than nonsmokers. These differences between smokers and nonsmokers should be taken into account by clinicians during periodontal examinations, therapy, and the healing process.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007109	Immunity	Nonsusceptibility to the invasive or pathogenic effects of foreign microorganisms or to the toxic effect of antigenic substances.	Immune Process,Immune Response,Immune Processes,Immune Responses,Process, Immune,Response, Immune
D009504	Neutrophils	Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.	LE Cells,Leukocytes, Polymorphonuclear,Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes,Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils,Neutrophil Band Cells,Band Cell, Neutrophil,Cell, LE,LE Cell,Leukocyte, Polymorphonuclear,Neutrophil,Neutrophil Band Cell,Neutrophil, Polymorphonuclear,Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte,Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil
D009538	Nicotine	Nicotine is highly toxic alkaloid. It is the prototypical agonist at nicotinic cholinergic receptors where it dramatically stimulates neurons and ultimately blocks synaptic transmission. Nicotine is also important medically because of its presence in tobacco smoke.	Nicotine Bitartrate,Nicotine Tartrate
D010518	Periodontitis	Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)	Pericementitis,Pericementitides,Periodontitides
D010519	Periodontium	The structures surrounding and supporting the tooth. Periodontium includes the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.	Paradentium,Parodontium,Tooth Supporting Structures,Paradentiums,Parodontiums,Periodontiums,Structure, Tooth Supporting,Structures, Tooth Supporting,Supporting Structure, Tooth,Supporting Structures, Tooth,Tooth Supporting Structure
D010587	Phagocytosis	The engulfing and degradation of microorganisms; other cells that are dead, dying, or pathogenic; and foreign particles by phagocytic cells (PHAGOCYTES).	Phagocytoses
D002448	Cell Adhesion	Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells.	Adhesion, Cell,Adhesions, Cell,Cell Adhesions
D005347	Fibroblasts	Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.	Fibroblast
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D012472	Salivation	The discharge of saliva from the SALIVARY GLANDS that keeps the mouth tissues moist and aids in digestion.