Biomaterial Database

The electrically stimulated gracilis neo-anal sphincter. 1997

B J Mander, and N S Williams

Academic Surgical Unit, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, UK.

Many patients with incontinence gain no relief from their symptoms following traditional surgical treatment and by necessity resort to a stoma. A number of attempts have been made to replace damaged or excised sphincters using the gracilis muscle to fashion a neo-anal sphincter. The results of the published series using the technique of unstimulated graciloplasty for the treatment of anal incontinence and in total anorectal reconstruction are reviewed. The results of these series are conflicting. In an effort to improve on these results the electrically stimulated neo-anal sphincter has been developed. The rationale behind its development and its evolution are discussed. The efficacy of the procedure in treating patients with incontinence or as part of total anorectal reconstruction is assessed.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D012007	Rectum	The distal segment of the LARGE INTESTINE, between the SIGMOID COLON and the ANAL CANAL.	Rectums
D002648	Child	A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL.	Children
D004599	Electric Stimulation Therapy	Application of electric current in treatment without the generation of perceptible heat. It includes electric stimulation of nerves or muscles, passage of current into the body, or use of interrupted current of low intensity to raise the detection threshold of the skin to pain.	Electrotherapy,Electrical Stimulation Therapy,Interferential Current Electrotherapy,Therapeutic Electric Stimulation,Therapeutic Electrical Stimulation,Therapy, Electric Stimulation,Electric Stimulation, Therapeutic,Electrical Stimulation, Therapeutic,Electrotherapy, Interferential Current,Stimulation Therapy, Electric,Stimulation Therapy, Electrical,Stimulation, Therapeutic Electric,Stimulation, Therapeutic Electrical,Therapy, Electrical Stimulation
D005242	Fecal Incontinence	Failure of voluntary control of the anal sphincters, with involuntary passage of feces and flatus.	Bowel Incontinence,Fecal Soiling,Incontinence, Bowel,Incontinence, Fecal,Soilings, Fecal
D005260	Female		Females
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000328	Adult	A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available.	Adults
D001003	Anal Canal	The terminal segment of the LARGE INTESTINE, beginning from the ampulla of the RECTUM and ending at the anus.	Anal Gland, Human,Anal Sphincter,Anus,Anal Gland,Anal Glands, Human,Detrusor External Sphincter,External Anal Sphincter,Internal Anal Sphincter,Anal Sphincter, External,Anal Sphincter, Internal,Anal Sphincters,Detrusor External Sphincters,External Anal Sphincters,Human Anal Gland,Human Anal Glands,Internal Anal Sphincters,Sphincter, Anal,Sphincter, Detrusor External,Sphincter, External Anal,Sphincter, Internal Anal,Sphincters, Anal
D013524	Surgical Flaps	Tongues of skin and subcutaneous tissue, sometimes including muscle, cut away from the underlying parts but often still attached at one end. They retain their own microvasculature which is also transferred to the new site. They are often used in plastic surgery for filling a defect in a neighboring region.	Island Flap,Island Flaps,Flap, Surgical,Flaps, Surgical,Pedicled Flap,Surgical Flap,Flap, Island,Flap, Pedicled,Flaps, Island,Flaps, Pedicled,Pedicled Flaps