Biomaterial Database

Platelet disorders in newborn infants: diagnosis and management. 1997

V S Blanchette, and M L Rand

Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.

Platelets are small, disc-shaped, anucleated cells formed by fragmentation of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. They circulate in blood with a lifespan of 7 to 10 days and, together with fibrin, form hemostatic plugs at sites of vessel injury. Abnormalities of platelets, either quantitative or qualitative, may cause clinically significant bleeding with resultant morbidity and, on occasion, mortality. This review will focus on platelet disorders in neonates, defined as infants of up to 4 months of age. Special emphasis will be given to the physiology of platelet function in healthy and sick newborn infants. The review will be divided into sections as follows: role of platelets in hemostasis, platelet function in newborn infants, quantitative platelet disorders, qualitative platelet disorders, and platelet transfusion therapy.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007223	Infant	A child between 1 and 23 months of age.	Infants
D007230	Infant, Low Birth Weight	An infant having a birth weight of 2500 gm. (5.5 lb.) or less but INFANT, VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT is available for infants having a birth weight of 1500 grams (3.3 lb.) or less.	Low Birth Weight,Low-Birth-Weight Infant,Birth Weight, Low,Birth Weights, Low,Infant, Low-Birth-Weight,Infants, Low-Birth-Weight,Low Birth Weight Infant,Low Birth Weights,Low-Birth-Weight Infants
D007231	Infant, Newborn	An infant during the first 28 days after birth.	Neonate,Newborns,Infants, Newborn,Neonates,Newborn,Newborn Infant,Newborn Infants
D001791	Blood Platelet Disorders	Disorders caused by abnormalities in platelet count or function.	Thrombocytopathy,Blood Platelet Disorder,Disorder, Blood Platelet,Disorders, Blood Platelet,Platelet Disorder, Blood,Platelet Disorders, Blood,Thrombocytopathies
D001792	Blood Platelets	Non-nucleated disk-shaped cells formed in the megakaryocyte and found in the blood of all mammals. They are mainly involved in blood coagulation.	Platelets,Thrombocytes,Blood Platelet,Platelet,Platelet, Blood,Platelets, Blood,Thrombocyte
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D013921	Thrombocytopenia	A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.	Thrombopenia,Thrombocytopenias,Thrombopenias
D015539	Platelet Activation	A series of progressive, overlapping events, triggered by exposure of the PLATELETS to subendothelial tissue. These events include shape change, adhesiveness, aggregation, and release reactions. When carried through to completion, these events lead to the formation of a stable hemostatic plug.	Activation, Platelet,Activations, Platelet,Platelet Activations
D017713	Platelet Transfusion	The transfer of blood platelets from a donor to a recipient or reinfusion to the donor.	Blood Platelet Transfusion,Blood Platelet Transfusions,Platelet Transfusion, Blood,Platelet Transfusions,Platelet Transfusions, Blood,Transfusion, Blood Platelet,Transfusion, Platelet,Transfusions, Blood Platelet,Transfusions, Platelet
D019039	Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex	Platelet membrane glycoprotein complex important for platelet adhesion and aggregation. It is an integrin complex containing INTEGRIN ALPHAIIB and INTEGRIN BETA3 which recognizes the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sequence present on several adhesive proteins. As such, it is a receptor for FIBRINOGEN; VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR; FIBRONECTIN; VITRONECTIN; and THROMBOSPONDINS. A deficiency of GPIIb-IIIa results in GLANZMANN THROMBASTHENIA.	GPIIb-IIIa Receptors,Integrin alphaIIbbeta3,Glycoproteins IIb-IIIa,Integrin alpha-IIb beta-3,GPIIb IIIa Receptors,Glycoproteins IIb IIIa,Integrin alpha IIb beta 3,Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb IIIa Complex,Receptors, GPIIb-IIIa,alphaIIbbeta3, Integrin,beta-3, Integrin alpha-IIb