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Hydroxyl and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities of natural source antioxidants using the computerized JES-FR30 ESR spectrometer system. 1997

Y Noda, and K Anzai, and A Mori, and M Kohno, and M Shinmei, and L Packer
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley 94720-3200, USA.

Free radical scavenging activities of water-soluble extracts from some natural sources, health foods, and antioxidant substances were measured using the JES-FR30 JEOL spectrometer. The objective was to develop a standardized method whereby comparison could be made between the radical scavenging activities of complex mixtures. Scavenging of hydroxyl radical was determined using DMPO. Activity was calibrated using a standard material, L-ascorbic acid 2-[3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H -1- benzopyran-6yl-hydrogen phosphate] potassium salt (EPC-K1), an analog of vitamin C and vitamin E which is water soluble and stable at room temperature. The order of greatest hydroxyl radical scavenging activity was green tea extract, pine bark extract (Pycnogenol), Ginkgo Biloba extract (EGb 761), a flavonoid blend of several fruit and vegetable extracts (GNLD), and Bio-Normalizer (Sun-O Corp). Activity was determined after treatment of samples with ascorbic acid oxidase. This treatment revealed the presence of ascorbate in some natural extracts and commercial preparations. The pine bark extract was the most heat resistant and had ascorbate-like activity in the preparations. Scavenging of superoxide anion was determined using the spin trap, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO), and analyzed by comparison with a standard curve made with superoxide dismutase. Comparison of the water solubilized components of natural source antioxidants showed that filtrates fractionated using centrifuge type Millipore filter tubes (M.W. < 100,000; M.W. < 10,000) also had almost the same SOD-like activity. Samples were also treated with ascorbate oxidase or by heating (100 degrees C for 10 min). The order of activity, from greatest to least, was Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761, pycnogenol, beta-catechin, tea and BioNormalizer.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D010936 Plant Extracts Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard. Herbal Medicines,Plant Extract,Extract, Plant,Extracts, Plant,Medicines, Herbal
D003201 Computers Programmable electronic devices designed to accept data, perform prescribed mathematical and logical operations at high speed, and display the results of these operations. Calculators, Programmable,Computer Hardware,Computers, Digital,Hardware, Computer,Calculator, Programmable,Computer,Computer, Digital,Digital Computer,Digital Computers,Programmable Calculator,Programmable Calculators
D004578 Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy A technique applicable to the wide variety of substances which exhibit paramagnetism because of the magnetic moments of unpaired electrons. The spectra are useful for detection and identification, for determination of electron structure, for study of interactions between molecules, and for measurement of nuclear spins and moments. (From McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 7th edition) Electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy is a variant of the technique which can give enhanced resolution. Electron spin resonance analysis can now be used in vivo, including imaging applications such as MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING. ENDOR,Electron Nuclear Double Resonance,Electron Paramagnetic Resonance,Paramagnetic Resonance,Electron Spin Resonance,Paramagnetic Resonance, Electron,Resonance, Electron Paramagnetic,Resonance, Electron Spin,Resonance, Paramagnetic
D005419 Flavonoids A group of phenyl benzopyrans named for having structures like FLAVONES. 2-Phenyl-Benzopyran,2-Phenyl-Chromene,Bioflavonoid,Bioflavonoids,Flavonoid,2-Phenyl-Benzopyrans,2-Phenyl-Chromenes,2 Phenyl Benzopyran,2 Phenyl Benzopyrans,2 Phenyl Chromene,2 Phenyl Chromenes
D005638 Fruit The fleshy or dry ripened ovary of a plant, enclosing the seed or seeds. Berries,Legume Pod,Plant Aril,Plant Capsule,Aril, Plant,Arils, Plant,Berry,Capsule, Plant,Capsules, Plant,Fruits,Legume Pods,Plant Arils,Plant Capsules,Pod, Legume,Pods, Legume
D000975 Antioxidants Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard oxidation reactions. They counteract the damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues. Anti-Oxidant,Antioxidant,Antioxidant Activity,Endogenous Antioxidant,Endogenous Antioxidants,Anti-Oxidant Effect,Anti-Oxidant Effects,Anti-Oxidants,Antioxidant Effect,Antioxidant Effects,Activity, Antioxidant,Anti Oxidant,Anti Oxidant Effect,Anti Oxidant Effects,Anti Oxidants,Antioxidant, Endogenous,Antioxidants, Endogenous
D001205 Ascorbic Acid A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant. Vitamin C,Ascorbic Acid, Monosodium Salt,Ferrous Ascorbate,Hybrin,L-Ascorbic Acid,Magnesium Ascorbate,Magnesium Ascorbicum,Magnesium di-L-Ascorbate,Magnorbin,Sodium Ascorbate,Acid, Ascorbic,Acid, L-Ascorbic,Ascorbate, Ferrous,Ascorbate, Magnesium,Ascorbate, Sodium,L Ascorbic Acid,Magnesium di L Ascorbate,di-L-Ascorbate, Magnesium
D013481 Superoxides Highly reactive compounds produced when oxygen is reduced by a single electron. In biological systems, they may be generated during the normal catalytic function of a number of enzymes and during the oxidation of hemoglobin to METHEMOGLOBIN. In living organisms, SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE protects the cell from the deleterious effects of superoxides. Superoxide Radical,Superoxide,Superoxide Anion
D013662 Tea The infusion of leaves of CAMELLIA SINENSIS (formerly Thea sinensis) as a beverage, the familiar Asian tea, which contains CATECHIN (especially epigallocatechin gallate) and CAFFEINE. Black Tea,Green Tea,Black Teas,Green Teas,Tea, Black,Tea, Green,Teas, Black,Teas, Green
D014675 Vegetables A food group comprised of EDIBLE PLANTS or their parts. Vegetable

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