Biomaterial Database

The effects of ethchlorvynol on pulmonary alveolar membrane permeability. 1977

P Fischer, and F L Glauser, and J E Millen, and J Lewis, and P Egan

Intravenous injection of ethchlorvynol (Placidyl) causes noncardiogenic pulmonary edema in humans and laboratory animals. We studied the effects of intravenous ethchlorvynol (15 to 25 mg per kg of body weight) on pulmonary alveolar membrane permeability to various endogenous and exogenous solutes in the in vivo saline-filled dog lung model. Baseline and postethchlorvynol times in minutes for 50 per cent equilibration between the blood and saline-filled alveoli were, respectively, for urea, 37.3 +/- 12.4 and 12 +/- 6.3; for albumin 8,160 +/- 4,400 and 267 +/- 93; for dextrans of molecular weight 10,400 daltons, 1,150 +/- 80 and 185 +/- 160; for dextrans of molecular weight 250,000 daltons, 24,000 +/- 800 and 1,120 +/- 900; for dextrans of molecular weight 500,000 daltons, 24,500 +/- 150 and 1,020 +/- 590. All of these pairs of values were significantly different (P less than 0.01). In addition, lung liquid histamine (but not blood histamine) concentrations increased significantly (P less than 0.001) after ethchlorvynol injection. Intravenous ethchlorvynol causes marked increases in alveolar membrane permeability.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007507	Therapeutic Irrigation	The washing of a body cavity or surface by flowing water or solution for therapy or diagnosis.	Douching,Lavage,Douchings,Irrigation, Therapeutic,Irrigations, Therapeutic,Lavages,Therapeutic Irrigations
D008970	Molecular Weight	The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.	Molecular Weights,Weight, Molecular,Weights, Molecular
D011650	Pulmonary Alveoli	Small polyhedral outpouchings along the walls of the alveolar sacs, alveolar ducts and terminal bronchioles through the walls of which gas exchange between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood takes place.	Alveoli, Pulmonary,Alveolus, Pulmonary,Pulmonary Alveolus
D012039	Regional Blood Flow	The flow of BLOOD through or around an organ or region of the body.	Blood Flow, Regional,Blood Flows, Regional,Flow, Regional Blood,Flows, Regional Blood,Regional Blood Flows
D002199	Capillary Permeability	The property of blood capillary ENDOTHELIUM that allows for the selective exchange of substances between the blood and surrounding tissues and through membranous barriers such as the BLOOD-AIR BARRIER; BLOOD-AQUEOUS BARRIER; BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER; BLOOD-NERVE BARRIER; BLOOD-RETINAL BARRIER; and BLOOD-TESTIS BARRIER. Small lipid-soluble molecules such as carbon dioxide and oxygen move freely by diffusion. Water and water-soluble molecules cannot pass through the endothelial walls and are dependent on microscopic pores. These pores show narrow areas (TIGHT JUNCTIONS) which may limit large molecule movement.	Microvascular Permeability,Permeability, Capillary,Permeability, Microvascular,Vascular Permeability,Capillary Permeabilities,Microvascular Permeabilities,Permeabilities, Capillary,Permeabilities, Microvascular,Permeabilities, Vascular,Permeability, Vascular,Vascular Permeabilities
D003911	Dextrans	A group of glucose polymers made by certain bacteria. Dextrans are used therapeutically as plasma volume expanders and anticoagulants. They are also commonly used in biological experimentation and in industry for a wide variety of purposes.	Dextran,Dextran 40,Dextran 40000,Dextran 70,Dextran 75,Dextran 80,Dextran B-1355,Dextran B-1355-S,Dextran B1355,Dextran B512,Dextran Derivatives,Dextran M 70,Dextran T 70,Dextran T-40,Dextran T-500,Hemodex,Hyskon,Infukoll,Macrodex,Polyglucin,Promit,Rheodextran,Rheoisodex,Rheomacrodex,Rheopolyglucin,Rondex,Saviosol,Dextran B 1355,Dextran B 1355 S,Dextran T 40,Dextran T 500
D004285	Dogs	The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)	Canis familiaris,Dog
D004984	Ethchlorvynol	A sedative and hypnotic that has been used in the short-term management of INSOMNIA. Its use has been superseded by other drugs.	Ethchlorovynol,Ethchlorvinol,Placidyl
D006207	Half-Life	The time it takes for a substance (drug, radioactive nuclide, or other) to lose half of its pharmacologic, physiologic, or radiologic activity.	Halflife,Half Life,Half-Lifes,Halflifes
D006632	Histamine	An amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of HISTIDINE. It is a powerful stimulant of gastric secretion, a constrictor of bronchial smooth muscle, a vasodilator, and also a centrally acting neurotransmitter.	Ceplene,Histamine Dihydrochloride,Histamine Hydrochloride,Peremin