Biomaterial Database

In vivo sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in school children in Hoima district, western Uganda. 1997

R Ndyomugyenyi, and P Magnussen

Vector Control Division, CDC, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda.

In vivo testing of Plasmodium falciparum sensitivity to chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine was carried out among asymptomatic school children from seven schools in four sub-counties in Hoima District in western Uganda. Seven hundred and twenty five children were screened, 487 (67%) had parasitaemia and 307 met the inclusion criteria. Full sensitivity to chloroquine in urban areas was found in 42%. Chloroquine resistance at RII level was observed in 46% (33-58%) and RIII level in 13% (0-24%) In rural areas, however, full sensitivity to chloroquine was found in 76% (70-84%). Resistance at RII and RIII level was found in 18 and 6% respectively. Full sensitivity to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine was found in 98% and only 2% resistant at RII level. The relatively high proportion of chloroquine resistance at RII and RIII levels in urban areas could be attributed to easy access to chloroquine as well as frequent and probably inadequate use of chloroquine. Chloroquine can still be used as first line antimalarial drug in the area. Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine should be the second line drug for cases not responding to chloroquine.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D011739	Pyrimethamine	One of the FOLIC ACID ANTAGONISTS that is used as an antimalarial or with a sulfonamide to treat toxoplasmosis.	Chloridin,Daraprim,Malocide,Tindurine
D002648	Child	A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL.	Children
D002738	Chloroquine	The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.	Aralen,Arechine,Arequin,Chingamin,Chlorochin,Chloroquine Sulfate,Chloroquine Sulphate,Khingamin,Nivaquine,Sulfate, Chloroquine,Sulphate, Chloroquine
D004338	Drug Combinations	Single preparations containing two or more active agents, for the purpose of their concurrent administration as a fixed dose mixture.	Drug Combination,Combination, Drug,Combinations, Drug
D004351	Drug Resistance	Diminished or failed response of an organism, disease or tissue to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should be differentiated from DRUG TOLERANCE which is the progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, as a result of continued administration.	Resistance, Drug
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000962	Antimalarials	Agents used in the treatment of malaria. They are usually classified on the basis of their action against plasmodia at different stages in their life cycle in the human. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1585)	Anti-Malarial,Antimalarial,Antimalarial Agent,Antimalarial Drug,Anti-Malarials,Antimalarial Agents,Antimalarial Drugs,Agent, Antimalarial,Agents, Antimalarial,Anti Malarial,Anti Malarials,Drug, Antimalarial,Drugs, Antimalarial
D013413	Sulfadoxine	A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.	Sulformethoxine,Sulforthomidine,Fanasil,Ro 4-4393,Sulformetoxine,Sulphormetoxin,Sulphorthodimethoxine,Ro 4 4393,Ro 44393
D016778	Malaria, Falciparum	Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.	Plasmodium falciparum Malaria,Malaria, Plasmodium falciparum