LPS induces an accumulation of eosinophils in the pleural cavity that requires resident macrophages and lymphocytes, but is independent of IL-5 production. In the present study we investigated the involvement of different T lymphocyte subsets on the modulation of LPS-induced eosinophil accumulation into the pleural cavity of mice. Within 4 h after LPS injection the number of neutrophils in the pleural cavity increased significantly. Mononuclear cell counts increased after 12 h, while a significant rise on eosinophil counts was observed only after 24 h. T lymphocytes counts were increased in the pleural cavity 24 and 48 h after LPS administration. This T lymphocyte accumulation was accounted for by an influx of the gammadelta+ subset, while CD4+ and CD8+ subsets did not accumulate in the pleural cavity after LPS stimulation. All those changes had resolved 96 h after LPS injection. Depletion of T lymphocytes by treatment with mAb anti-Thy 1.0 inhibited the eosinophil accumulation triggered by LPS. Aiming to clarify which T lymphocyte subset would be involved in the LPS-induced eosinophil accumulation, we depleted mice of various T lymphocyte subpopulations using specific Abs. Depletion of either CD4+ or CD8+ subsets failed to inhibit LPS-induced eosinophil migration. In contrast, when mice were treated with anti-gammadelta+ T lymphocyte mAb, a significant reduction of LPS-induced eosinophil accumulation was observed. Similarly, the administration of LPS in BALB/c-nu/nu mice induced the expected significant influx of eosinophils into the pleural cavity. Our results indicate that the gammadelta+ T lymphocytes are centrally involved in LPS-induced eosinophil accumulation in mice.