Propofol is a common anaesthetic agent used for oocyte retrieval procedures during in-vitro fertilization (IVF). The effect of Propofol in vitro on mouse oocyte maturation, fertilization and embryo cleavage was studied. In this study, 551 cumulus-free and 222 cumulus-enclosed oocytes from mice stimulated with pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) were incubated for 30 min in medium containing 0, 100, 1000 or 10,000 ng/ml of Propofol prior to in-vitro maturation. Also, 325 cumulus-enclosed oocytes from mice stimulated to ovulate with PMSG/human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) were incubated for 30 min in similar concentrations of Propofol prior to IVF. Maturation, fertilization and cleavage rates were compared. A significant decrease in the in-vitro maturation rate was observed only when the cumulus-free and cumulus-enclosed oocytes were exposed to 10,000 ng/ml Propofol (P < 0.0074 and P < 0.0001 respectively). Fertilization and embryo cleavage rates were not significantly different compared with the controls. These findings give some reassurance with respect to human IVF. However, further studies on the potential effects of Propofol on implantation and pregnancy outcome following IVF are needed.