Effective monitoring of cefuroxim levels by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with direct serum injection are discussed and compared with the HPLC method. With capillary electrophoresis (CE), in contrast to HPLC, good resolution and efficiency was demonstrated as well as low consumption of solvent and samples. The CE system was applied at 15 kV with UV detection at 274 nm using 150 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate in 20 mM sodium phosphate and borate (pH 9.0) as electrolyte. The results were seen within 12 min with efficiency approaching 182,000 theoretical plates. The coefficients of variations of migration time and peak area were less than 0.8 and 5.9%, respectively. The detection limits for quantitative determination were 0.28 microM level. Good linearity and recovery were also obtained in the range of serum levels usually encountered in clinical analysis with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.991 and 98-101% recovery. The monitoring of cefuroxim in human serum with micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) is demonstrated. Identification of cefuroxim in human serum with MECC is demonstrated. Identification of cefuroxim was performed by characterizing the sample peak in terms of the migration time and UV spectrum. Considering the results of our study, the CE method should by highly suitable for the separation of cefuroxim in biofluids.