Ontogeny of growth hormone and LH beta-, FSH beta- and alpha-subunit mRNA levels in the porcine fetal and neonatal anterior pituitary. 1997

S Granz, and F Ellendorff, and R Grossmann, and Y Kato, and E Mühlbauer, and F Elsaesser
Institute for Animal Husbandry and Animal Behaviour (FAL), Neustadt, Germany.

The mechanism underlying the ontogenetic increase in plasma growth hormone (GH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) concentration during fetal life in mammalian species and the prenatal sex difference in these hormones in some species is not fully understood. To this end anterior pituitaries were collected from German Landrace fetuses and piglets at day (d) 50, 65, 80, 95, 110 pc and d 6 pp and pituitary GH, LH beta, FSH beta and alpha-subunit mRNA levels were determined by measuring Northern blot hybridization signals. GH mRNA was detected in both sexes as early as d 50 pc. The mRNA level markedly increased with age in both sexes (males > females, P < or = 0.05) reaching its maximum at d 95/110 pc. LH beta mRNA signals were first detected at d 50 pc in females and at d 65 pc in males increasing thereafter to a maximum at d 6 pp in both sexes (P < or = 0.05). In males the augmentation in LH beta mRNA was delayed compared to females (P < or = 0.01). Before d 80 pc no FSH beta mRNA hybridization signals were apparent. Thereafter the mRNA level continuously increased with age (P < or = 0.01) in both sexes reaching its maximum at d 6 pp. The FSH beta mRNA level in females was always higher than in males (P < or = 0.01). As early as d 50 pc the alpha-subunit mRNA level was high in both sexes and further increased without sex difference to d 6 pp (P < or = 0.05). In conclusion, the mRNA levels of GH, LH beta and FSH beta are age and sex dependent during fetal development. We suggest that the fetal increase in plasma GH concentration can be accounted for by changes in GH mRNA levels, while the dramatic perinatal decrease in plasma GH concentration seems to be primarily controlled at the posttranslational and/or secretion level. The fetal sex difference and the increase in plasma LH and FSH concentrations seems to be primarily dependent on the cellular concentration of the gonadotropin beta-subunit mRNAs and/or number of gonadotrophs.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007986 Luteinizing Hormone A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Luteinizing hormone regulates steroid production by the interstitial cells of the TESTIS and the OVARY. The preovulatory LUTEINIZING HORMONE surge in females induces OVULATION, and subsequent LUTEINIZATION of the follicle. LUTEINIZING HORMONE consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity. ICSH (Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone),Interstitial Cell-Stimulating Hormone,LH (Luteinizing Hormone),Lutropin,Luteoziman,Luteozyman,Hormone, Interstitial Cell-Stimulating,Hormone, Luteinizing,Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone
D008297 Male Males
D009693 Nucleic Acid Hybridization Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503) Genomic Hybridization,Acid Hybridization, Nucleic,Acid Hybridizations, Nucleic,Genomic Hybridizations,Hybridization, Genomic,Hybridization, Nucleic Acid,Hybridizations, Genomic,Hybridizations, Nucleic Acid,Nucleic Acid Hybridizations
D010902 Pituitary Gland A small, unpaired gland situated in the SELLA TURCICA. It is connected to the HYPOTHALAMUS by a short stalk which is called the INFUNDIBULUM. Hypophysis,Hypothalamus, Infundibular,Infundibular Stalk,Infundibular Stem,Infundibulum (Hypophysis),Infundibulum, Hypophyseal,Pituitary Stalk,Hypophyseal Infundibulum,Hypophyseal Stalk,Hypophysis Cerebri,Infundibulum,Cerebri, Hypophysis,Cerebrus, Hypophysis,Gland, Pituitary,Glands, Pituitary,Hypophyseal Stalks,Hypophyses,Hypophysis Cerebrus,Infundibular Hypothalamus,Infundibular Stalks,Infundibulums,Pituitary Glands,Pituitary Stalks,Stalk, Hypophyseal,Stalk, Infundibular,Stalks, Hypophyseal,Stalks, Infundibular
D005260 Female Females
D005333 Fetus The unborn young of a viviparous mammal, in the postembryonic period, after the major structures have been outlined. In humans, the unborn young from the end of the eighth week after CONCEPTION until BIRTH, as distinguished from the earlier EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN. Fetal Structures,Fetal Tissue,Fetuses,Mummified Fetus,Retained Fetus,Fetal Structure,Fetal Tissues,Fetus, Mummified,Fetus, Retained,Structure, Fetal,Structures, Fetal,Tissue, Fetal,Tissues, Fetal
D005640 Follicle Stimulating Hormone A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates GAMETOGENESIS and the supporting cells such as the ovarian GRANULOSA CELLS, the testicular SERTOLI CELLS, and LEYDIG CELLS. FSH consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity. FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone),Follicle-Stimulating Hormone,Follitropin
D000367 Age Factors Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time. Age Reporting,Age Factor,Factor, Age,Factors, Age
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D000831 Animals, Newborn Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth. Animals, Neonatal,Animal, Neonatal,Animal, Newborn,Neonatal Animal,Neonatal Animals,Newborn Animal,Newborn Animals

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