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Many species of the Neisseria, which are respiratory commensals in humans, have been regarded as being nonpathogenic or as causing disease in only immunocompromised hosts. We report a case in which Neisseria sicca was the cause of infective endocarditis in a child with a ventricular septal defect and review the literature on endocarditis due to N. sicca infection. Most of these patients had an underlying heart disease. Dental caries and poor oral hygiene may be two factors that predispose patients to the infection. N. sicca endocarditis usually results in a subacute onset of symptoms and, if not diagnosed early and treated, is associated with a high rate of embolic complications.
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