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Expression and intracellular localization of the human N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase, a bacterial cell wall-degrading enzyme. 1997

M A Hoijer, and M J Melief, and J Calafat, and D Roos, and R W van den Beemd, and J J van Dongen, and M P Hazenberg
Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase (NAMLAA) specifically degrades peptidoglycan, which is a major component of bacterial cell walls with strong inflammatory properties. For instance, peptidoglycan is capable of stimulating peripheral blood cells to release pro-inflammatory cytokines and is capable of inducing chronic arthritis in an animal model. In a previous study we found that degradation of peptidoglycan by purified NAMLAA reduced its inflammatory effects. To determine where NAMLAA is located in tissues, monoclonal antibodies against purified NAMLAA were produced for use in immunohistochemistry, immunoelectron microscopy, flow cytometric analysis, and Western blotting. The immunohistochemical studies showed NAMLAA-positive cells in human spleen, liver, arthritic synovial tissues, and lymph nodes. In flow cytometric studies of blood and bone marrow, neutrophilic and eosinophilic granulocytes proved to be positive. Monocytes were negative, although they do contain lysozyme, the other important peptidoglycan-degrading enzyme. However, mature macrophages obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage and subsequent selection based on autofluorescence did possess NAMLAA. In immunocytochemical staining of blood smears, thrombocytes were also positive for NAMLAA. Western blot analysis and immunoelectron microscopy of neutrophils and eosinophils showed that NAMLAA is located in azurophilic granules of neutrophils and in secretory vesicles and crystalloid-containing granules of eosinophils. Flow cytometric analysis of blood and bone marrow from different French-American-British-classified acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients showed that AML-M2 myeloblasts were the first in the granulocyte maturation lineage that were positive for NAMLAA. The more immature AML, such as AML-M0 and AML-M1, did not express NAMLAA. CD15- and CD13-negative megakaryoblasts, corresponding to AML-M7, were also positive for NAMLAA. The expression pattern of NAMLAA in the myeloid lineage suggests that the monoclonal antibody AAA4, recognizing NAMLAA, is useful for discrimination between AML in the monocyte lineage and in the granulocyte lineage.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007158 Immunologic Techniques Techniques used to demonstrate or measure an immune response, and to identify or measure antigens using antibodies. Antibody Dissociation,Immunologic Technic,Immunologic Technics,Immunologic Technique,Immunological Technics,Immunological Techniques,Technic, Immunologic,Technics, Immunologic,Technique, Immunologic,Techniques, Immunologic,Antibody Dissociations,Dissociation, Antibody,Dissociations, Antibody,Immunological Technic,Immunological Technique,Technic, Immunological,Technics, Immunological,Technique, Immunological,Techniques, Immunological
D007951 Leukemia, Myeloid Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites. Granulocytic Leukemia,Leukemia, Granulocytic,Leukemia, Myelocytic,Leukemia, Myelogenous,Myelocytic Leukemia,Myelogenous Leukemia,Myeloid Leukemia,Leukemia, Monocytic, Chronic,Monocytic Leukemia, Chronic,Chronic Monocytic Leukemia,Chronic Monocytic Leukemias,Granulocytic Leukemias,Leukemia, Chronic Monocytic,Leukemias, Chronic Monocytic,Leukemias, Granulocytic,Leukemias, Myelocytic,Leukemias, Myelogenous,Leukemias, Myeloid,Monocytic Leukemias, Chronic,Myelocytic Leukemias,Myelogenous Leukemias,Myeloid Leukemias
D008221 Lymphoid Tissue Specialized tissues that are components of the lymphatic system. They provide fixed locations within the body where a variety of LYMPHOCYTES can form, mature and multiply. The lymphoid tissues are connected by a network of LYMPHATIC VESSELS. Lymphatic Tissue,Lymphatic Tissues,Lymphoid Tissues,Tissue, Lymphatic,Tissue, Lymphoid,Tissues, Lymphatic,Tissues, Lymphoid
D009238 N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase An autolytic enzyme bound to the surface of bacterial cell walls. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of the link between N-acetylmuramoyl residues and L-amino acid residues in certain cell wall glycopeptides, particularly peptidoglycan. EC 3.5.1.28. Mucopeptide Amidohydrolase,Autolysin,LE-Enzyme,Murein Hydrolase,Peptidoglycan Hydrolase,T7 Endolysin,T7 Lysozyme,Amidase, N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine,Amidohydrolase, Mucopeptide,Endolysin, T7,Hydrolase, Murein,Hydrolase, Peptidoglycan,LE Enzyme,Lysozyme, T7,N Acetylmuramoyl L alanine Amidase
D009504 Neutrophils Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes. LE Cells,Leukocytes, Polymorphonuclear,Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes,Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils,Neutrophil Band Cells,Band Cell, Neutrophil,Cell, LE,LE Cell,Leukocyte, Polymorphonuclear,Neutrophil,Neutrophil Band Cell,Neutrophil, Polymorphonuclear,Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte,Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil
D009928 Organ Specificity Characteristic restricted to a particular organ of the body, such as a cell type, metabolic response or expression of a particular protein or antigen. Tissue Specificity,Organ Specificities,Specificities, Organ,Specificities, Tissue,Specificity, Organ,Specificity, Tissue,Tissue Specificities
D010457 Peptidoglycan A structural polymer of the bacterial cell envelope consisting of sugars and amino acids which is responsible for both shape determination and cellular integrity under osmotic stress in virtually all bacteria. Murein,Pseudomurein
D001792 Blood Platelets Non-nucleated disk-shaped cells formed in the megakaryocyte and found in the blood of all mammals. They are mainly involved in blood coagulation. Platelets,Thrombocytes,Blood Platelet,Platelet,Platelet, Blood,Platelets, Blood,Thrombocyte
D001853 Bone Marrow The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled with marrow cells. Marrow,Red Marrow,Yellow Marrow,Marrow, Bone,Marrow, Red,Marrow, Yellow
D001992 Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Washing liquid obtained from irrigation of the lung, including the BRONCHI and the PULMONARY ALVEOLI. It is generally used to assess biochemical, inflammatory, or infection status of the lung. Alveolar Lavage Fluid,Bronchial Lavage Fluid,Lung Lavage Fluid,Bronchial Alveolar Lavage Fluid,Lavage Fluid, Bronchial,Lavage Fluid, Lung,Pulmonary Lavage Fluid,Alveolar Lavage Fluids,Bronchial Lavage Fluids,Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids,Lavage Fluid, Alveolar,Lavage Fluid, Bronchoalveolar,Lavage Fluid, Pulmonary,Lavage Fluids, Alveolar,Lavage Fluids, Bronchial,Lavage Fluids, Bronchoalveolar,Lavage Fluids, Lung,Lavage Fluids, Pulmonary,Lung Lavage Fluids,Pulmonary Lavage Fluids

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