OBJECTIVE To review the literature addressing complications associated with pulmonary artery catheterization. METHODS All pertinent English language articles dealing with complications associated with pulmonary artery catheterization were retrieved from 1979 through 1996. METHODS Articles were chosen for review if the primary objective of the paper was complications associated with pulmonary artery catheterization. METHODS From the literature selected, information was obtained about frequency and types of complications associated with pulmonary artery catheterization. RESULTS Complications are grouped into three categories: complications associated with insertion, complications associated with indwelling catheters, and complications that occur during or after removal of the catheter. CONCLUSIONS With the introduction of any new technology, there are risks and potential complications. Pulmonary artery catheterization was introduced in 1970 and has not been without complications and controversy. Recent research findings have again led to the discussion of the efficacy and safety of pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) use. This article discusses complications associated with pulmonary artery catheterization and makes recommendations for future research and continued safe use of the PAC.