Measurements of basic parameters in wedged high-energy photon beams using a mini-phantom. 1997

D Georg, and C Garibaldi, and A Dutreix
Radiotherapy Department, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium.

Basic dosimetric quantities necessary to specify wedged beans (beam quality, wedge factors, output ratios) are obtained by measurements performed in a narrow coaxial mini-phantom for 6, 18 and 15 MV photon beams. To express beam quality, an attenuation coefficient mu is derived from measurements in a mini-phantom at 20 and 10 cm depth. Wedge factors and output ratios are measured as a function of field size at 10 cm water-equivalent depth. In open beams one observes beam softening with increasing distance from the collimator axis for all energies. With an inserted wedge a beam hardening is observed at 6 MV. This beam hardening decreases at 18 MV while at 25 MV a slight beam softening is detected. Larger variations of output ratios with field sizes are observed with a wedge than without a wedge. An equivalent square formula for head-scatter factors can be used with a good accuracy for rectangular wedged fields. For irregular wedged fields a method is proposed to calculate the product of the output ratio and the wedge factor. Measurements and calculations agree within 1% for all irregular wedged fields checked.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D011874 Radiometry The measurement of radiation by photography, as in x-ray film and film badge, by Geiger-Mueller tube, and by SCINTILLATION COUNTING. Geiger-Mueller Counters,Nuclear Track Detection,Radiation Dosimetry,Dosimetry, Radiation,Geiger Counter,Geiger-Mueller Counter Tube,Geiger-Mueller Probe,Geiger-Mueller Tube,Radiation Counter,Counter Tube, Geiger-Mueller,Counter Tubes, Geiger-Mueller,Counter, Geiger,Counter, Radiation,Counters, Geiger,Counters, Geiger-Mueller,Counters, Radiation,Detection, Nuclear Track,Dosimetries, Radiation,Geiger Counters,Geiger Mueller Counter Tube,Geiger Mueller Counters,Geiger Mueller Probe,Geiger Mueller Tube,Geiger-Mueller Counter Tubes,Geiger-Mueller Probes,Geiger-Mueller Tubes,Probe, Geiger-Mueller,Probes, Geiger-Mueller,Radiation Counters,Radiation Dosimetries,Tube, Geiger-Mueller,Tube, Geiger-Mueller Counter,Tubes, Geiger-Mueller,Tubes, Geiger-Mueller Counter
D011882 Radiotherapy, High-Energy Radiotherapy using high-energy (megavolt or higher) ionizing radiation. Types of radiation include gamma rays, produced by a radioisotope within a teletherapy unit; x-rays, electrons, protons, alpha particles (helium ions) and heavy charged ions, produced by particle acceleration; and neutrons and pi-mesons (pions), produced as secondary particles following bombardment of a target with a primary particle. Megavolt Radiotherapy,High-Energy Radiotherapy,Radiotherapy, Megavolt,High Energy Radiotherapy,Radiotherapy, High Energy
D005069 Evaluation Studies as Topic Works about studies that determine the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. Critique,Evaluation Indexes,Evaluation Methodology,Evaluation Report,Evaluation Research,Methodology, Evaluation,Pre-Post Tests,Qualitative Evaluation,Quantitative Evaluation,Theoretical Effectiveness,Use-Effectiveness,Critiques,Effectiveness, Theoretical,Evaluation Methodologies,Evaluation Reports,Evaluation, Qualitative,Evaluation, Quantitative,Evaluations, Qualitative,Evaluations, Quantitative,Indexes, Evaluation,Methodologies, Evaluation,Pre Post Tests,Pre-Post Test,Qualitative Evaluations,Quantitative Evaluations,Report, Evaluation,Reports, Evaluation,Research, Evaluation,Test, Pre-Post,Tests, Pre-Post,Use Effectiveness
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D001703 Biophysics The study of PHYSICAL PHENOMENA and PHYSICAL PROCESSES as applied to living things. Mechanobiology
D017785 Photons Discrete concentrations of energy, apparently massless elementary particles, that move at the speed of light. They are the unit or quantum of electromagnetic radiation. Photons are emitted when electrons move from one energy state to another. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)
D055592 Biophysical Phenomena The physical characteristics and processes of biological systems. Biophysical Concepts,Biophysical Processes,Biophysical Phenomenon,Biophysical Process,Biophysical Concept,Concept, Biophysical,Concepts, Biophysical,Phenomena, Biophysical,Phenomenon, Biophysical,Process, Biophysical,Processes, Biophysical
D019047 Phantoms, Imaging Devices or objects in various imaging techniques used to visualize or enhance visualization by simulating conditions encountered in the procedure. Phantoms are used very often in procedures employing or measuring x-irradiation or radioactive material to evaluate performance. Phantoms often have properties similar to human tissue. Water demonstrates absorbing properties similar to normal tissue, hence water-filled phantoms are used to map radiation levels. Phantoms are used also as teaching aids to simulate real conditions with x-ray or ultrasonic machines. (From Iturralde, Dictionary and Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Imaging, 1990) Phantoms, Radiographic,Phantoms, Radiologic,Radiographic Phantoms,Radiologic Phantoms,Phantom, Radiographic,Phantom, Radiologic,Radiographic Phantom,Radiologic Phantom,Imaging Phantom,Imaging Phantoms,Phantom, Imaging

Related Publications

D Georg, and C Garibaldi, and A Dutreix
January 1993, Medical physics,
D Georg, and C Garibaldi, and A Dutreix
March 1995, Physics in medicine and biology,
D Georg, and C Garibaldi, and A Dutreix
September 2001, Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine,
D Georg, and C Garibaldi, and A Dutreix
December 1999, Physics in medicine and biology,
D Georg, and C Garibaldi, and A Dutreix
August 2006, Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai zasshi,
D Georg, and C Garibaldi, and A Dutreix
April 2006, Medical physics,
D Georg, and C Garibaldi, and A Dutreix
February 2016, Physics in medicine and biology,
D Georg, and C Garibaldi, and A Dutreix
January 2015, Medical dosimetry : official journal of the American Association of Medical Dosimetrists,
D Georg, and C Garibaldi, and A Dutreix
July 1994, Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology,
D Georg, and C Garibaldi, and A Dutreix
June 2002, Physics in medicine and biology,
Copied contents to your clipboard!